WGU D450 COMMUNITY HEALTH HESI QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Risk factors for cardiovascular disease - ✔✔Include nonmodifiable variables, such
as gender, family history, and race, and modifiable variables, such as underlying
diseases as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and obesity, smoking,
sedentary lifestyle, and stress.
✔✔Lifestyle changes to manage hypertension - ✔✔In order of effectiveness: Weight
loss, DASH diet, salt restriction, and avoiding alcohol.
✔✔Physical characteristics of aging that contributes to developing decubitus ulcers -
✔✔Thinning of the skin with loss of elasticity.
✔✔Transtheoretical Model - ✔✔Assesses an individual's readiness to act on a new
healthier behavior, and provides stategies, or processes of change to guide the
individual through the stages of change: Pre-contemplation, Contemplation,
Preparation,
Action, Maintenance, and Termination.
✔✔Pre-contemplation - ✔✔Not yet acknowledging there is a problem.
✔✔Contemplation - ✔✔Acknowledgment that there is a problem, but not ready to
change.
✔✔Preparation - ✔✔Getting ready to make the change.
✔✔Action - ✔✔Making the change.
✔✔Maintenance/Relapse - ✔✔Maintaining the changed lifestyle or reverting back to
previous lifestyle.
,✔✔Domain of nursing theory - ✔✔The person, health, the environment or situation, and
nursing.
✔✔Priority of the community health nurse when suspecting physical abuse of client -
✔✔Follow agency protocols to report suspected abuse.
✔✔Hepatitis B - ✔✔Virus transmitted by sharing needles or unprotected sex. Incubation
period is 75 days.
✔✔Suicide risks and prevention - ✔✔A topic to be included in a primary prevention
class for adolescents. Primary prevention focuses on health promotion and prevention
of injury and illness. Suicide is a leading cause of death in adolescents.
✔✔Communicable bioterrorism diseases - ✔✔Pneumonic plague and smallpox can be
transmitted person to person via respiratory droplets.
✔✔Variance - ✔✔Any event that may alter a client's progress through the clinical
pathway, such as remaining on a ventilator for an additional amount of time.
✔✔Standard - ✔✔Used to provide guidance in implementing and evaluating procedural
processes.
✔✔Outcome - ✔✔The end result of the interventions of the healthcare team and is
based on the client's goal.
✔✔Nosocomial infection - ✔✔An infection that was not present or incubating at the time
of admission. Medical asepsis helps prevent this type of infection from occurring.
✔✔TeamSTEPPS - ✔✔An evidence-based framework to optimize team performance
across the health care delivery system. Has 5 key principles. It is based on team
structure and four teachable-learnable skills: Communication, Leadership, Situation,
Monitoring, and Mutual Support. According to this framework, two attempts should be
made to notify a health care provider before proceeding through the chain of command.
✔✔Critical pathways - ✔✔Management plans that display goals for patients and provide
the sequence and timing of actions necessary to achieve these goals with optimal
efficiency. They are developed based on appropriate standards of care. They are
developed through the collaborative efforts of members of the health care team. They
provide an effective way for monitoring care and for reducing or controlling the length of
hospital stay for the client. Client and family should be aware of all options available for
the client's care. These are not specifically nursing care plans; however, they can take
the place of a nursing care plan and actually map out the desired clinical progress of a
client during acute care admission.
, ✔✔Reality shock - ✔✔Term often used to describe the reaction experienced when one
move after several years of educational preparation, which occurs in a familiar, idealistic
educational environment, into a new role in the work force where the expectations are
not clearly defined in a realistic setting.
✔✔Red tag - ✔✔Immediate. Clients with life-threatening injuries and a respiratory rate
greater than (>) 30 receive immediate treatment. Also used for clients with injuries to
two or more body systems and unconscious.
✔✔Black tag - ✔✔Expectant. Clients with catastrophic injuries and no respiratory rate
have minimal chance of survival and receive no treatment. Example: Client's respiratory
rate is 4 per minute with a blood pressure of 70 mm Hg over palpation = death is
imminent.
✔✔Yellow tag - ✔✔Observation. Clients whose injuries have systemic effects and
complications, but whose respiratory rate, capillary refill (normal circulation), and mental
status are WNL should receive treatment within 30-60 minutes. Used for clients with
injuries to one body system. Example: Young adult with minor abrasions on the
forehead who is unable to move the legs.
✔✔Green tag - ✔✔Wait. "Walking wounded." Clients with no systemic complications are
removed to a separate area and treatment can be delayed for several hours.
✔✔White tag - ✔✔Dismiss. Clients with minor injuries for whom a doctor's care is not
required.
✔✔Informed consent not needed - ✔✔In general, there are two situations that apply:
when an emergency is present and delaying treatment for the purpose of obtaining
informed consent would result in injury or death of the client; when the client waives the
right to give informed consent.
✔✔Floating - ✔✔An acceptable legal practice used by hospitals to solve understaffing
problems. Legally, the nurse cannot refuse to float unless a union contract guarantees
that nurses can work only in a specified area or the nurse can prove the lack of
knowledge for the performance of assigned tasks. When encountering this situation, the
nurse should set priorities and identify potential areas of harm to the client. The nursing
supervisor is called if the nurse is expected to perform tasks that he or she cannot
safely perform. Calling the hospital lawyer is a premature action.
✔✔Co-worker abusing medication - ✔✔Nurse practice acts require reporting impaired
nurses. The board of nursing has jurisdiction over the practice of nursing and may
develop plans for treatment and supervision of the impaired nurse. This incident needs
to be reported to the nursing supervisor, who will then report to the board of nursing and
other authorities, such as the police, as required. The nurse may call security if a
AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Risk factors for cardiovascular disease - ✔✔Include nonmodifiable variables, such
as gender, family history, and race, and modifiable variables, such as underlying
diseases as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and obesity, smoking,
sedentary lifestyle, and stress.
✔✔Lifestyle changes to manage hypertension - ✔✔In order of effectiveness: Weight
loss, DASH diet, salt restriction, and avoiding alcohol.
✔✔Physical characteristics of aging that contributes to developing decubitus ulcers -
✔✔Thinning of the skin with loss of elasticity.
✔✔Transtheoretical Model - ✔✔Assesses an individual's readiness to act on a new
healthier behavior, and provides stategies, or processes of change to guide the
individual through the stages of change: Pre-contemplation, Contemplation,
Preparation,
Action, Maintenance, and Termination.
✔✔Pre-contemplation - ✔✔Not yet acknowledging there is a problem.
✔✔Contemplation - ✔✔Acknowledgment that there is a problem, but not ready to
change.
✔✔Preparation - ✔✔Getting ready to make the change.
✔✔Action - ✔✔Making the change.
✔✔Maintenance/Relapse - ✔✔Maintaining the changed lifestyle or reverting back to
previous lifestyle.
,✔✔Domain of nursing theory - ✔✔The person, health, the environment or situation, and
nursing.
✔✔Priority of the community health nurse when suspecting physical abuse of client -
✔✔Follow agency protocols to report suspected abuse.
✔✔Hepatitis B - ✔✔Virus transmitted by sharing needles or unprotected sex. Incubation
period is 75 days.
✔✔Suicide risks and prevention - ✔✔A topic to be included in a primary prevention
class for adolescents. Primary prevention focuses on health promotion and prevention
of injury and illness. Suicide is a leading cause of death in adolescents.
✔✔Communicable bioterrorism diseases - ✔✔Pneumonic plague and smallpox can be
transmitted person to person via respiratory droplets.
✔✔Variance - ✔✔Any event that may alter a client's progress through the clinical
pathway, such as remaining on a ventilator for an additional amount of time.
✔✔Standard - ✔✔Used to provide guidance in implementing and evaluating procedural
processes.
✔✔Outcome - ✔✔The end result of the interventions of the healthcare team and is
based on the client's goal.
✔✔Nosocomial infection - ✔✔An infection that was not present or incubating at the time
of admission. Medical asepsis helps prevent this type of infection from occurring.
✔✔TeamSTEPPS - ✔✔An evidence-based framework to optimize team performance
across the health care delivery system. Has 5 key principles. It is based on team
structure and four teachable-learnable skills: Communication, Leadership, Situation,
Monitoring, and Mutual Support. According to this framework, two attempts should be
made to notify a health care provider before proceeding through the chain of command.
✔✔Critical pathways - ✔✔Management plans that display goals for patients and provide
the sequence and timing of actions necessary to achieve these goals with optimal
efficiency. They are developed based on appropriate standards of care. They are
developed through the collaborative efforts of members of the health care team. They
provide an effective way for monitoring care and for reducing or controlling the length of
hospital stay for the client. Client and family should be aware of all options available for
the client's care. These are not specifically nursing care plans; however, they can take
the place of a nursing care plan and actually map out the desired clinical progress of a
client during acute care admission.
, ✔✔Reality shock - ✔✔Term often used to describe the reaction experienced when one
move after several years of educational preparation, which occurs in a familiar, idealistic
educational environment, into a new role in the work force where the expectations are
not clearly defined in a realistic setting.
✔✔Red tag - ✔✔Immediate. Clients with life-threatening injuries and a respiratory rate
greater than (>) 30 receive immediate treatment. Also used for clients with injuries to
two or more body systems and unconscious.
✔✔Black tag - ✔✔Expectant. Clients with catastrophic injuries and no respiratory rate
have minimal chance of survival and receive no treatment. Example: Client's respiratory
rate is 4 per minute with a blood pressure of 70 mm Hg over palpation = death is
imminent.
✔✔Yellow tag - ✔✔Observation. Clients whose injuries have systemic effects and
complications, but whose respiratory rate, capillary refill (normal circulation), and mental
status are WNL should receive treatment within 30-60 minutes. Used for clients with
injuries to one body system. Example: Young adult with minor abrasions on the
forehead who is unable to move the legs.
✔✔Green tag - ✔✔Wait. "Walking wounded." Clients with no systemic complications are
removed to a separate area and treatment can be delayed for several hours.
✔✔White tag - ✔✔Dismiss. Clients with minor injuries for whom a doctor's care is not
required.
✔✔Informed consent not needed - ✔✔In general, there are two situations that apply:
when an emergency is present and delaying treatment for the purpose of obtaining
informed consent would result in injury or death of the client; when the client waives the
right to give informed consent.
✔✔Floating - ✔✔An acceptable legal practice used by hospitals to solve understaffing
problems. Legally, the nurse cannot refuse to float unless a union contract guarantees
that nurses can work only in a specified area or the nurse can prove the lack of
knowledge for the performance of assigned tasks. When encountering this situation, the
nurse should set priorities and identify potential areas of harm to the client. The nursing
supervisor is called if the nurse is expected to perform tasks that he or she cannot
safely perform. Calling the hospital lawyer is a premature action.
✔✔Co-worker abusing medication - ✔✔Nurse practice acts require reporting impaired
nurses. The board of nursing has jurisdiction over the practice of nursing and may
develop plans for treatment and supervision of the impaired nurse. This incident needs
to be reported to the nursing supervisor, who will then report to the board of nursing and
other authorities, such as the police, as required. The nurse may call security if a
