Endocrinology exam 1 (NEW)
Are hormonal messages primarily voluntary or involuntary
involuntary
Hormones are removed from circulation by what 3 target tissues, the liver, and the kidneys
things?
what does a High concentration of a hormone or some inhibits further secretion
other
substance - such as a metabolic derivative or product
of hormone activity do?
Hormones receptors are ______ in _______ proteins; target cells
What are the traits of steroid and thyroid hormones? small hydrophobic
Size? bound to proteins
how are they transported? long half life
short or long half life? cause protein synth via binding intracellularly
How do they initiate protein synthesis?
what chemical group are gonadal and adrenal steroid and thyroid
hormones part of
What are the traits of the protein, peptide and highly soluble
catecholamines? unbound
soluble? short half life
bound or unbound? bind receptor on cell membrane
short or long half life?
at target cell bings to _____ on ______
another name for anterior pituitary adenohypophysis
the anterior pituitary is derived during _______ from the embryological development from the roof of the mouth
_______
the anterior pituitary is connected to the hypothalamus a portal system (hypothalamic-pituitary portal system)
by
What causes the anterior pituitary to release releasing factors
hormones?
the posterior pituitary is derived from _____ tissue nervous
What are the two protein hormones released from the Oxytocin
posterior pituitary? ADH (vasopressin)
, Endocrinology exam 1 (NEW)
Hormones released from the posterior pituitary are hypothalamus; neurons
synthesized in the ________ by ________ and then travel to the axons
posterior pituitary via ______, where they are released
What is the location of the anterior pituitary? sella turica at base of skull
_______ account for 50% of anterior Somatotrophs
pituitary cells Lactotrophs
________ account for 10-25% of anterior
pituitary cells, e.g., prolactin
What is the first to become deficient in hypopituitary Growth Hormone
disease?
What does each release: (AP) - GH
Somatotrophs (MC) - prolactin
Lactotrophs - LH&FSH
Gonadotrophs - ACTH
Corticotrophs - TSH
Thyrotrophs
Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) are peptide
_______ hormones.
_________ regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys. Vasopressin
_________ stimulates uterine contractions during labor. Oxytocin
It also stimulates the contraction of muscle cells in the expulsion of milk.
breast while nursing, resulting in the
ADH Increases kidney tubule permeability by _________ opening water channels
in collecting duct concentrating urine, diluting blood
What inhibits ADH release? triggers release? - ETOH
- low bp, low blood volume, high osmol
SIADH and DI are caused by issues with ADH
What inhibits oxytocin release? triggers release? - ETOH, pain, fear
- suckling and pressure on cervix
, Endocrinology exam 1 (NEW)
What is diabetes insipidus? (central and nephrogenic) central- familial (primary) or damage to hypothalamus (secondary)
nephrogenic- lack of V2 receptors
it is deficiency or resistance to
vasopressin
What are the sxs of diabetes insipidus? polydipsia and polyuria
What is dx of diabetes insipidus? water deprivation test
uSG < 1.005*
hypernatremia
dehydration
What is the water deprivation test? Fluid restriction for 8 hours.
Patient gets dehydrated.
In a normal patient - urine volume should decrease, urine osmolality should
increase, plamsa osmolality should stay the same.
In a DI patient - urine volume stays the same, urine osmolality decreases,
plasma osmolality increases.
In a patient with diabetes insipidus how will ADH In central DI, ADH will concentrate the urine
administration effect nephrogenic vs central?
In nephrogenic, the addition of ADH will have no effect
What is the tx for diabetes insipidus? desmopressin (V2 agonist)
HCTZ
________ acetate intranasally for thirst and polyuria thioridazine and lithium
May response to _____
Avoid ______ and _______
What is SIADH? Excess ADH decreases free water clearance
What are the sxs of SIADH? confusion
seizure
coma
What will the labs look like in SIADH? hyponat
low plasma osmol
electrolyte? hypertonic urine
___osmolarity? euvolemic
urine?
volume?
What is the tx for SIADH? fluid restriction
Demeclocycline (ADH antagonizer)
3% saline
Are hormonal messages primarily voluntary or involuntary
involuntary
Hormones are removed from circulation by what 3 target tissues, the liver, and the kidneys
things?
what does a High concentration of a hormone or some inhibits further secretion
other
substance - such as a metabolic derivative or product
of hormone activity do?
Hormones receptors are ______ in _______ proteins; target cells
What are the traits of steroid and thyroid hormones? small hydrophobic
Size? bound to proteins
how are they transported? long half life
short or long half life? cause protein synth via binding intracellularly
How do they initiate protein synthesis?
what chemical group are gonadal and adrenal steroid and thyroid
hormones part of
What are the traits of the protein, peptide and highly soluble
catecholamines? unbound
soluble? short half life
bound or unbound? bind receptor on cell membrane
short or long half life?
at target cell bings to _____ on ______
another name for anterior pituitary adenohypophysis
the anterior pituitary is derived during _______ from the embryological development from the roof of the mouth
_______
the anterior pituitary is connected to the hypothalamus a portal system (hypothalamic-pituitary portal system)
by
What causes the anterior pituitary to release releasing factors
hormones?
the posterior pituitary is derived from _____ tissue nervous
What are the two protein hormones released from the Oxytocin
posterior pituitary? ADH (vasopressin)
, Endocrinology exam 1 (NEW)
Hormones released from the posterior pituitary are hypothalamus; neurons
synthesized in the ________ by ________ and then travel to the axons
posterior pituitary via ______, where they are released
What is the location of the anterior pituitary? sella turica at base of skull
_______ account for 50% of anterior Somatotrophs
pituitary cells Lactotrophs
________ account for 10-25% of anterior
pituitary cells, e.g., prolactin
What is the first to become deficient in hypopituitary Growth Hormone
disease?
What does each release: (AP) - GH
Somatotrophs (MC) - prolactin
Lactotrophs - LH&FSH
Gonadotrophs - ACTH
Corticotrophs - TSH
Thyrotrophs
Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) are peptide
_______ hormones.
_________ regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys. Vasopressin
_________ stimulates uterine contractions during labor. Oxytocin
It also stimulates the contraction of muscle cells in the expulsion of milk.
breast while nursing, resulting in the
ADH Increases kidney tubule permeability by _________ opening water channels
in collecting duct concentrating urine, diluting blood
What inhibits ADH release? triggers release? - ETOH
- low bp, low blood volume, high osmol
SIADH and DI are caused by issues with ADH
What inhibits oxytocin release? triggers release? - ETOH, pain, fear
- suckling and pressure on cervix
, Endocrinology exam 1 (NEW)
What is diabetes insipidus? (central and nephrogenic) central- familial (primary) or damage to hypothalamus (secondary)
nephrogenic- lack of V2 receptors
it is deficiency or resistance to
vasopressin
What are the sxs of diabetes insipidus? polydipsia and polyuria
What is dx of diabetes insipidus? water deprivation test
uSG < 1.005*
hypernatremia
dehydration
What is the water deprivation test? Fluid restriction for 8 hours.
Patient gets dehydrated.
In a normal patient - urine volume should decrease, urine osmolality should
increase, plamsa osmolality should stay the same.
In a DI patient - urine volume stays the same, urine osmolality decreases,
plasma osmolality increases.
In a patient with diabetes insipidus how will ADH In central DI, ADH will concentrate the urine
administration effect nephrogenic vs central?
In nephrogenic, the addition of ADH will have no effect
What is the tx for diabetes insipidus? desmopressin (V2 agonist)
HCTZ
________ acetate intranasally for thirst and polyuria thioridazine and lithium
May response to _____
Avoid ______ and _______
What is SIADH? Excess ADH decreases free water clearance
What are the sxs of SIADH? confusion
seizure
coma
What will the labs look like in SIADH? hyponat
low plasma osmol
electrolyte? hypertonic urine
___osmolarity? euvolemic
urine?
volume?
What is the tx for SIADH? fluid restriction
Demeclocycline (ADH antagonizer)
3% saline
