NP235 COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔What are s/s of hypoglycemia? - ✔✔Increase pulse, confusion, HA, Nervous,
Nausea, Cool and clammy skin, shaking
✔✔where is insulin manufactured in the body - ✔✔The pancreas is both an endocrine
(secretes into the bloodstream) and exocrine (secretes through a duct to the target
tissues) gland. Its endocrine function is to produce the hormones insulin and glucagon.
✔✔What is diabetes mellitus type 2 - ✔✔formerly called non-insulin-dependent diabetes
mellitus (NIDDM)—makes up 90% to 95% of all known cases of diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes is believed to begin with insulin resistance, in which insulin interaction
with glucose becomes less efficient, and therefore glucose metabolism is abnormal.
More insulin is produced by the pancreas to maintain cellular metabolism. Type 2
diabetes has a tendency to develop later in life than does type 1, and patients with type
2 rarely develop diabetic ketoacidosis.
✔✔What are some risk factors for DM type 2? - ✔✔obesity
asian, hispanic, african american, American Indian
In type 2 diabetes there also seems to be a relationship to aging and a reduction in the
function of the pancreatic beta cells and how they synthesize insulin.
✔✔Raynaud's disease - ✔✔characterized by spasm of the arteries of the upper and
lower extremities with an exaggerated response to cold and stress, resulting in bilateral
vasospasm.
✔✔what education would you provide to your patient to prevent complications of
Raynauds disease - ✔✔protect the extremities from cold, stress, vasoconstriction!
, The patient should be taught to:
Dress warmly when in cold environments.
Clothing should be layered and nonrestrictive. Hat, gloves, and warm socks should be
worn.
Wear protective gloves when reaching into ovens and when handling extremely cold
items.
Avoid cold temperatures when possible, to manage stress, and to stop tobacco use.
Caffeine intake should be limited.
If appropriate, the patient should be referred to a smoking cessation program.
✔✔What does a patient take thrombolytics for - ✔✔give to stroke pts.
they disolve clots.
at risk for hemorrage.
Anticoagulants work by preventing blood clots from forming. Some do this by preventing
the body from making clotting factors. Others keep the clotting factors from working or
prevent other chemicals from forming so that clots can't develop
✔✔What is the priority in treating sickle cell patients - ✔✔administration of oxygen, pain-
relieving drugs, and oral and intravenous fluids to reduce pain and prevent
complications. Doctors also may recommend blood transfusions, folic acid supplements,
and antibiotics.
A bone marrow transplant may be an effective treatment in some circumstances
✔✔What would be the plan of care for a patient with Peripheral Vascular Disease? -
✔✔Reduction of high blood pressure(2)
Long-term control to decrease the risk of stroke, heart attack, loss of vision, and kidney
disease. The target is to control blood pressure at or below 120/80 mm Hg.
Sodium should be kept to less than 2400 mg/day. Alcohol intake should be moderated.
Aerobic exercise of 30 to 45 minutes most days of the week is recommended.
✔✔What is Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty aka PTCA? - ✔✔a
nonsurgical interventional technique to open blocked coronary arteries. It is performed
in the cardiac catheterization laboratory using fluoroscopy. A catheter with a balloon tip
is threaded into the blocked artery, and when the narrowed area is reached, the balloon
is inflated, pushing aside the plaque and widening the interior of the artery and a stent is
usually placed.
✔✔What are some signs and symptoms of Thrombocytopenia? - ✔✔Bleeding into the
joints (hemarthrosis) is not uncommon in certain kinds of anemia or in hemophilia.
for hospitalized pts. abdominal girth should be measured daily to detect internal
bleeding
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔What are s/s of hypoglycemia? - ✔✔Increase pulse, confusion, HA, Nervous,
Nausea, Cool and clammy skin, shaking
✔✔where is insulin manufactured in the body - ✔✔The pancreas is both an endocrine
(secretes into the bloodstream) and exocrine (secretes through a duct to the target
tissues) gland. Its endocrine function is to produce the hormones insulin and glucagon.
✔✔What is diabetes mellitus type 2 - ✔✔formerly called non-insulin-dependent diabetes
mellitus (NIDDM)—makes up 90% to 95% of all known cases of diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes is believed to begin with insulin resistance, in which insulin interaction
with glucose becomes less efficient, and therefore glucose metabolism is abnormal.
More insulin is produced by the pancreas to maintain cellular metabolism. Type 2
diabetes has a tendency to develop later in life than does type 1, and patients with type
2 rarely develop diabetic ketoacidosis.
✔✔What are some risk factors for DM type 2? - ✔✔obesity
asian, hispanic, african american, American Indian
In type 2 diabetes there also seems to be a relationship to aging and a reduction in the
function of the pancreatic beta cells and how they synthesize insulin.
✔✔Raynaud's disease - ✔✔characterized by spasm of the arteries of the upper and
lower extremities with an exaggerated response to cold and stress, resulting in bilateral
vasospasm.
✔✔what education would you provide to your patient to prevent complications of
Raynauds disease - ✔✔protect the extremities from cold, stress, vasoconstriction!
, The patient should be taught to:
Dress warmly when in cold environments.
Clothing should be layered and nonrestrictive. Hat, gloves, and warm socks should be
worn.
Wear protective gloves when reaching into ovens and when handling extremely cold
items.
Avoid cold temperatures when possible, to manage stress, and to stop tobacco use.
Caffeine intake should be limited.
If appropriate, the patient should be referred to a smoking cessation program.
✔✔What does a patient take thrombolytics for - ✔✔give to stroke pts.
they disolve clots.
at risk for hemorrage.
Anticoagulants work by preventing blood clots from forming. Some do this by preventing
the body from making clotting factors. Others keep the clotting factors from working or
prevent other chemicals from forming so that clots can't develop
✔✔What is the priority in treating sickle cell patients - ✔✔administration of oxygen, pain-
relieving drugs, and oral and intravenous fluids to reduce pain and prevent
complications. Doctors also may recommend blood transfusions, folic acid supplements,
and antibiotics.
A bone marrow transplant may be an effective treatment in some circumstances
✔✔What would be the plan of care for a patient with Peripheral Vascular Disease? -
✔✔Reduction of high blood pressure(2)
Long-term control to decrease the risk of stroke, heart attack, loss of vision, and kidney
disease. The target is to control blood pressure at or below 120/80 mm Hg.
Sodium should be kept to less than 2400 mg/day. Alcohol intake should be moderated.
Aerobic exercise of 30 to 45 minutes most days of the week is recommended.
✔✔What is Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty aka PTCA? - ✔✔a
nonsurgical interventional technique to open blocked coronary arteries. It is performed
in the cardiac catheterization laboratory using fluoroscopy. A catheter with a balloon tip
is threaded into the blocked artery, and when the narrowed area is reached, the balloon
is inflated, pushing aside the plaque and widening the interior of the artery and a stent is
usually placed.
✔✔What are some signs and symptoms of Thrombocytopenia? - ✔✔Bleeding into the
joints (hemarthrosis) is not uncommon in certain kinds of anemia or in hemophilia.
for hospitalized pts. abdominal girth should be measured daily to detect internal
bleeding
