HURST COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔canned/processed foods & OTC meds can contain a lot of what? - ✔✔- sodium
✔✔when on a low sodium diet weight daily and reports a gain of ___________ - ✔✔2-3
lbs ( 1-2 kgs)
✔✔when you hear fluid retention think what first? - ✔✔- heart problems 1st
✔✔your "natural" packemaker is the what? - ✔✔- SA node or sinus mode
✔✔what does the natural pacemaker send out ? - ✔✔- impulses that make the heart
CONTRACT
✔✔if your heart rate drops to 60 or below , cardiac output can ________ -
✔✔DECREASE
✔✔pacemakers are use to increase the heart rate with ____________________
______________ - ✔✔symptomatic/bradycardia
✔✔any pacemaker will maintain a certain minimal heart rate depending on the settings;
in other words the ______________________ - ✔✔set rate
✔✔a demand pacemaker kicks in when? - ✔✔- only when the client needs it
✔✔fixed rate pacemakers fire at a _________ rate constantly - ✔✔fixed
✔✔its okay for the rate to increase but never _______________ - ✔✔decrease
✔✔always worry if the rate ___________ below the set rate - ✔✔drops
,✔✔what to watch for during post procedure care ? - ✔✔- monitor incsision
- assisted passive range of motion to prevent frozen shoulder
✔✔what is the most common complication post op after a permanent pacemaker? -
✔✔- electrode displacement
✔✔what is some good client education/teaching you can give a pt after pacemaker
placement? - ✔✔- check PULSE daily
- ID card or bracelet
- avoid MRIs
✔✔if you have atherosclerosis in one place , you have it where? - ✔✔- EVERYWHERE
✔✔when you think of arterial disorders you should think or what type of blood? - ✔✔-
oxygenated
✔✔arterial disorders are more symptomatic where? - ✔✔- lower extremities
✔✔intermittent claudication means what? - ✔✔- hallmark sign
✔✔when the arterial blood isnt getting to the tissue what are some S/S you will have? -
✔✔- decreased peripheral pulses
✔✔when a pt is at rest with arterial disorders and has pain it means they have a what? -
✔✔- severe obstructions
✔✔since arterial blood is having problems getting to the tissue, if you elevate , would
the pain increase or decrease? - ✔✔- increase
✔✔arterial disorders of the lower extremities are usually treated with what two
procedures? - ✔✔- angioplasty
- endarterctomy
✔✔arteries carry oxygenated blood. veins carry what? - ✔✔- deoxygenated blood
✔✔what can occur with venous disorders? - ✔✔- inflammation and chronic ulcers
✔✔when you have a venous disorder what can you develop? - ✔✔- DVT
✔✔when you think of nephro think what? - ✔✔- kidneys
✔✔what does glomerulo mean? - ✔✔- filter
,✔✔what is glomerulonephritis mean? - ✔✔- inflammatory reaction in the glomeruals
✔✔antibodies lodge in the glomerulus; causing what? - ✔✔- scarring and DECREASED
filtering
✔✔what is the main cause of glomerulonephritis - ✔✔strep ( bacteria) group A
✔✔what are some S/S of glomerulonephritis - ✔✔- flank pain
- decreased urinary output
- hematuria
- proteinuria
- periorbital edema
- BP increased
- urine specific gravity increased
✔✔what is the treatment for glomuerlonephritis ? - ✔✔- I& O and daily weights
- monitor blood pressure
- restrict fluids
✔✔how if fluid replacement determined? - ✔✔- fluid replacement = 24 hour fluid loss +
500 mL( ex: sweat)
✔✔what kind of dietary needs should one follow when dealing with glomuerlonephritis ?
- ✔✔- carbs INCREASED
- sodium DECREASED
- protein DECREASED ( makes BUN go INCREASED)
✔✔older clients that deal with glomuerlonephritis may experience what? - ✔✔- fluid
overload with dyspnea, engorged neck veins, cardiomegaly
- symptoms: confusion, seizures, which are often confused with symptoms of primary
neurlogic disorders
✔✔what is some client teaching one should teach when a pt is experencing
gloumerlonephritis? - ✔✔- diuresis begins 1-3 weeks after onset
- blood and protein may stay in urine for months
- teach s/s of renal failure ( HA, anorexia)
✔✔during nephrotic syndrome you lose tons of what? - ✔✔- protein/ extreme amt of
edema
✔✔what is nephrotic syndrome ? - ✔✔Inflammatory response in the glomerulus. Big
holes form so protein starts leaking out in the urine. When the protein goes away, the
client is low on albumin. The fluid leaves the vascular space and goes into the tissues.
, Blood volume decreases. So the RAS starts, aldosterone is released. But theres
nothing to HOLD the fluid. So the fluid that was gained due to aldosterone is lost.
✔✔what is proteinuria? - ✔✔- big holes in glomerulus so protein starts leaking out in the
urine calling it proteinuria
✔✔hypoalbuminermic - ✔✔low albumin in the blood
✔✔Total body edema is called - ✔✔Anasarca
✔✔what is another word for thrombosis? - ✔✔- blood clots
✔✔what kind of problem arise when a pt is dealing with protein loss? - ✔✔- blood clots
- high cholesterol and triglycerides
✔✔what are the causes of nephrotic syndrome? - ✔✔- bacteria or viral infections
- NSADIS
- cancer and genetic prediposition
✔✔what are some S/S of nephrotic syndrome ? - ✔✔- massive proteinuria
- hypoalbuminemia
- edema ( anasarca)
- hyperlipidema
✔✔what is the treatment of nephrotic syndrome? - ✔✔- diuretics
- ACE inhibiotrs to block aldosterone secretion
✔✔cyclophosphamide decreases bodys what? - ✔✔- immune response
✔✔what does cyclophosphamide do? - ✔✔- shrink holes so protein cant get out
- immunosuppresesed
- infection is a major complication of nephrotic syndrome
✔✔what kind of diet does one follow when dealing with nephrotic syndrome ? - ✔✔-
moderate protein: 1-2 grams/kg/day
- client can become malnourished fast
- sodium? DECREASE
✔✔when dealing with kidney problems except nephrotic syndrome one should limit
what? - ✔✔- protein
✔✔what are some nursing considerations on should follow when dealing with nephotic
syndrome? - ✔✔- daily WEIGHTS
- measure abdominal girth or extremity SIZE
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔canned/processed foods & OTC meds can contain a lot of what? - ✔✔- sodium
✔✔when on a low sodium diet weight daily and reports a gain of ___________ - ✔✔2-3
lbs ( 1-2 kgs)
✔✔when you hear fluid retention think what first? - ✔✔- heart problems 1st
✔✔your "natural" packemaker is the what? - ✔✔- SA node or sinus mode
✔✔what does the natural pacemaker send out ? - ✔✔- impulses that make the heart
CONTRACT
✔✔if your heart rate drops to 60 or below , cardiac output can ________ -
✔✔DECREASE
✔✔pacemakers are use to increase the heart rate with ____________________
______________ - ✔✔symptomatic/bradycardia
✔✔any pacemaker will maintain a certain minimal heart rate depending on the settings;
in other words the ______________________ - ✔✔set rate
✔✔a demand pacemaker kicks in when? - ✔✔- only when the client needs it
✔✔fixed rate pacemakers fire at a _________ rate constantly - ✔✔fixed
✔✔its okay for the rate to increase but never _______________ - ✔✔decrease
✔✔always worry if the rate ___________ below the set rate - ✔✔drops
,✔✔what to watch for during post procedure care ? - ✔✔- monitor incsision
- assisted passive range of motion to prevent frozen shoulder
✔✔what is the most common complication post op after a permanent pacemaker? -
✔✔- electrode displacement
✔✔what is some good client education/teaching you can give a pt after pacemaker
placement? - ✔✔- check PULSE daily
- ID card or bracelet
- avoid MRIs
✔✔if you have atherosclerosis in one place , you have it where? - ✔✔- EVERYWHERE
✔✔when you think of arterial disorders you should think or what type of blood? - ✔✔-
oxygenated
✔✔arterial disorders are more symptomatic where? - ✔✔- lower extremities
✔✔intermittent claudication means what? - ✔✔- hallmark sign
✔✔when the arterial blood isnt getting to the tissue what are some S/S you will have? -
✔✔- decreased peripheral pulses
✔✔when a pt is at rest with arterial disorders and has pain it means they have a what? -
✔✔- severe obstructions
✔✔since arterial blood is having problems getting to the tissue, if you elevate , would
the pain increase or decrease? - ✔✔- increase
✔✔arterial disorders of the lower extremities are usually treated with what two
procedures? - ✔✔- angioplasty
- endarterctomy
✔✔arteries carry oxygenated blood. veins carry what? - ✔✔- deoxygenated blood
✔✔what can occur with venous disorders? - ✔✔- inflammation and chronic ulcers
✔✔when you have a venous disorder what can you develop? - ✔✔- DVT
✔✔when you think of nephro think what? - ✔✔- kidneys
✔✔what does glomerulo mean? - ✔✔- filter
,✔✔what is glomerulonephritis mean? - ✔✔- inflammatory reaction in the glomeruals
✔✔antibodies lodge in the glomerulus; causing what? - ✔✔- scarring and DECREASED
filtering
✔✔what is the main cause of glomerulonephritis - ✔✔strep ( bacteria) group A
✔✔what are some S/S of glomerulonephritis - ✔✔- flank pain
- decreased urinary output
- hematuria
- proteinuria
- periorbital edema
- BP increased
- urine specific gravity increased
✔✔what is the treatment for glomuerlonephritis ? - ✔✔- I& O and daily weights
- monitor blood pressure
- restrict fluids
✔✔how if fluid replacement determined? - ✔✔- fluid replacement = 24 hour fluid loss +
500 mL( ex: sweat)
✔✔what kind of dietary needs should one follow when dealing with glomuerlonephritis ?
- ✔✔- carbs INCREASED
- sodium DECREASED
- protein DECREASED ( makes BUN go INCREASED)
✔✔older clients that deal with glomuerlonephritis may experience what? - ✔✔- fluid
overload with dyspnea, engorged neck veins, cardiomegaly
- symptoms: confusion, seizures, which are often confused with symptoms of primary
neurlogic disorders
✔✔what is some client teaching one should teach when a pt is experencing
gloumerlonephritis? - ✔✔- diuresis begins 1-3 weeks after onset
- blood and protein may stay in urine for months
- teach s/s of renal failure ( HA, anorexia)
✔✔during nephrotic syndrome you lose tons of what? - ✔✔- protein/ extreme amt of
edema
✔✔what is nephrotic syndrome ? - ✔✔Inflammatory response in the glomerulus. Big
holes form so protein starts leaking out in the urine. When the protein goes away, the
client is low on albumin. The fluid leaves the vascular space and goes into the tissues.
, Blood volume decreases. So the RAS starts, aldosterone is released. But theres
nothing to HOLD the fluid. So the fluid that was gained due to aldosterone is lost.
✔✔what is proteinuria? - ✔✔- big holes in glomerulus so protein starts leaking out in the
urine calling it proteinuria
✔✔hypoalbuminermic - ✔✔low albumin in the blood
✔✔Total body edema is called - ✔✔Anasarca
✔✔what is another word for thrombosis? - ✔✔- blood clots
✔✔what kind of problem arise when a pt is dealing with protein loss? - ✔✔- blood clots
- high cholesterol and triglycerides
✔✔what are the causes of nephrotic syndrome? - ✔✔- bacteria or viral infections
- NSADIS
- cancer and genetic prediposition
✔✔what are some S/S of nephrotic syndrome ? - ✔✔- massive proteinuria
- hypoalbuminemia
- edema ( anasarca)
- hyperlipidema
✔✔what is the treatment of nephrotic syndrome? - ✔✔- diuretics
- ACE inhibiotrs to block aldosterone secretion
✔✔cyclophosphamide decreases bodys what? - ✔✔- immune response
✔✔what does cyclophosphamide do? - ✔✔- shrink holes so protein cant get out
- immunosuppresesed
- infection is a major complication of nephrotic syndrome
✔✔what kind of diet does one follow when dealing with nephrotic syndrome ? - ✔✔-
moderate protein: 1-2 grams/kg/day
- client can become malnourished fast
- sodium? DECREASE
✔✔when dealing with kidney problems except nephrotic syndrome one should limit
what? - ✔✔- protein
✔✔what are some nursing considerations on should follow when dealing with nephotic
syndrome? - ✔✔- daily WEIGHTS
- measure abdominal girth or extremity SIZE
