HURST ACTUAL STUDYS QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔with a basilar skul fracture , you see bleeding where? - ✔✔- EENT ( eyes, ears,
nose throat)
✔✔battles sign - ✔✔bruising over the mastoid
✔✔Peri-orbital bruising - ✔✔racoon eyes
✔✔cerebrospinal rhinorrhea - ✔✔leaking spinal fluid from your nose
✔✔how well do we tell CSF from other drainage? - ✔✔- positive for glucose and the
halo test
✔✔what kind of skull fractures usually require surgery? - ✔✔- depressed
✔✔focal injuries - ✔✔contusions which are seen with blunt trauma or acceleration-
deceleration injuries like a whiplash
- brain is bruised and damaged
- damage can range from mild to severe
✔✔epidural hematoma - ✔✔a hematoma located on top of the dura
- rupture or laceration of the middle meningeal artery ( fast bleeder under high pressure
)
- injury ----> loss of consciousness ---> recovery period ----> bleeding into their head ----
> cant compensate anymore -----> neuro changes
✔✔what is the treatment for epidural hematoma ? - ✔✔Burr Holes to remove the clot,
control the ICP
,✔✔what kind of questions would you ask a pt before treating them for a epidural
hematoma? - ✔✔- did they pass out and stay out ?
- did they pass out and wake up and pass out again?
- did they just see stars?
- epidural hematoma is an EMERGENCY!!!
✔✔subdural hematoma - ✔✔pertaining to below the dura mater, tumor of blood
- usually a venous bleed
- can be acute ( fast) , subacute ( medium) , chronic ( slow)
✔✔what is the treatment for subdural hematoma? - ✔✔- chronic: initiates other
conditions such as bleeding and compensation.
- neuro changes = compensation maxed out
- acute or chronic; immediate craniotomy to remove CLOT nd control ICP
✔✔concussion - ✔✔temp loss of neurological function with complete recovery
- will have a short period of unconsciousness or they may just get dizzy and see spots
✔✔what should you teach the caregiver about concussions of when to bring the client
back to the ED? - ✔✔- difficulty waking up / speaking
- confusion
- severe headache
- vomiting
- signs that the ICP is going UP!!!!!!!!
✔✔autonomic dysreflexia - ✔✔life-threatening emergency that can occur with an upper
spinal cord injury ( above T6). sometimes called hyper-reflexia
- exaggerated response to certain stimuli that are harmles to someone without a spinal
cord injury
✔✔what are the s/s of autonomic dysreflexia ? - ✔✔Severe hypertension, headache,
bradycardia, sweating and flushing above level of lesion, piloerection, nasal congestion
✔✔what are the causes of autonomic dysreflexia? - ✔✔- distended bladder,
constipation or an impaction , stimuli to the skin like; pressure or temp
✔✔what is the treatment for autonomic dysreflexia? - ✔✔Sit the client up to lower the
blood pressure
- put the bed bound client in semi-fowlers
- treat the cause; insert a catheter , remove any impaction ( with topical anesthetic) ,
look for skin pressure, painful stimuli
✔✔what is the #1 cause of preventable cancer? - ✔✔-tobacco
,✔✔Alcohol + tobacco= - ✔✔Co-Carcinogenic
✔✔what kind of dietary causes cancer? - ✔✔- a low fiber diet
- increased red meat
- increased animal fat
- alcohol
- preservatives
✔✔what kind of pt has a increased incidence of cancer? - ✔✔- immunosuppressed
✔✔the most important risk factor for cancer is what? - ✔✔- aging
- that is why there is a higher incidence of cancer > age 60
✔✔what culture has a high incidence of cancer? - ✔✔- african americans followed by
Caucasians
✔✔what are some examples of primary prevention things one can follow to prevent
cancer? - ✔✔- no smoking
- exercise and good nutrition
- limit or eliminate alcohol intake
- HPV vaccine
✔✔what is an example of a secondary prevention when dealing with cancer? - ✔✔-
screenings to pick up cancer early, when there is a greater chance for cure or control
✔✔what are some examples of secondary prevention in females when dealing with
cancer? - ✔✔- breast self awarenes
- mammograms
- colonscopy
✔✔beginning at what age should women be told about benefits and limitations of
monthly breaast self exams ( BSE) - ✔✔20 s
✔✔What days of the menstrual cycle are best for doing the breast self exam? - ✔✔-
anytime from day 7 through day 12
✔✔how often should women 40 years of age get a breast exam ? - ✔✔- yearly
✔✔between ages 20-39 they should get a breast exam how often? - ✔✔- every 3 years
✔✔at what age do mammograms annually start? ( with two views of each breast) - ✔✔-
40
, ✔✔Before a mammogram what should the client not have on their body? - ✔✔no lotion,
no powder, and NO DEODORANT !!!!!
✔✔pap smears beginning at age ______ are performed every ___________ years if
there have been no problems. - ✔✔- 21
-3
✔✔at what age do females start getting a colonscopy ? - ✔✔50
- and then every 10 years if there have no problems
✔✔how often should females have their stool tested for fecal occult blood? - ✔✔- yearly
beginning at age 50 unless previous problems or a positive family history
✔✔for seconday prevention in males how often should testicular exams be performed?
- ✔✔- yearly
✔✔at what age should males get a colonscopy? - ✔✔- 50 and then every 10 years
✔✔fecal occult blood testing should be done how often in males? - ✔✔- yearly over the
age of 50
✔✔tertiary prevention - ✔✔focuses on the management of long term care for clients
with complex treatments for cancer
✔✔what are some examples of tertiary care? - ✔✔- support groups and rehabilitation
programs
✔✔what are some S/S of cancer? - ✔✔- CAUTION
C- CHANGE IN BOWEL/BLADDER
A- A SORE THAT DOES NOT HEAL
U- UNUSUAL BLEEDING/DISCHARGE
T- THICKENING OR LUMP IN BREAST OR ELSEWHERE
I- INDIGESTION OR DIFFICULTY SWALLOWING
O- OBVIOUS CHANGE IN WART OR MOLE
N- NAGGING COUGH OR HOARSENESS
✔✔cancer can invade the bone marrow which can lead to what? - ✔✔- anemia,
leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia
✔✔leukopenia - ✔✔low WBC count
✔✔what are 4 bleeding precautions to follow ? - ✔✔- use an electric razor
- use a soft toothbrush
- no IMs
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔with a basilar skul fracture , you see bleeding where? - ✔✔- EENT ( eyes, ears,
nose throat)
✔✔battles sign - ✔✔bruising over the mastoid
✔✔Peri-orbital bruising - ✔✔racoon eyes
✔✔cerebrospinal rhinorrhea - ✔✔leaking spinal fluid from your nose
✔✔how well do we tell CSF from other drainage? - ✔✔- positive for glucose and the
halo test
✔✔what kind of skull fractures usually require surgery? - ✔✔- depressed
✔✔focal injuries - ✔✔contusions which are seen with blunt trauma or acceleration-
deceleration injuries like a whiplash
- brain is bruised and damaged
- damage can range from mild to severe
✔✔epidural hematoma - ✔✔a hematoma located on top of the dura
- rupture or laceration of the middle meningeal artery ( fast bleeder under high pressure
)
- injury ----> loss of consciousness ---> recovery period ----> bleeding into their head ----
> cant compensate anymore -----> neuro changes
✔✔what is the treatment for epidural hematoma ? - ✔✔Burr Holes to remove the clot,
control the ICP
,✔✔what kind of questions would you ask a pt before treating them for a epidural
hematoma? - ✔✔- did they pass out and stay out ?
- did they pass out and wake up and pass out again?
- did they just see stars?
- epidural hematoma is an EMERGENCY!!!
✔✔subdural hematoma - ✔✔pertaining to below the dura mater, tumor of blood
- usually a venous bleed
- can be acute ( fast) , subacute ( medium) , chronic ( slow)
✔✔what is the treatment for subdural hematoma? - ✔✔- chronic: initiates other
conditions such as bleeding and compensation.
- neuro changes = compensation maxed out
- acute or chronic; immediate craniotomy to remove CLOT nd control ICP
✔✔concussion - ✔✔temp loss of neurological function with complete recovery
- will have a short period of unconsciousness or they may just get dizzy and see spots
✔✔what should you teach the caregiver about concussions of when to bring the client
back to the ED? - ✔✔- difficulty waking up / speaking
- confusion
- severe headache
- vomiting
- signs that the ICP is going UP!!!!!!!!
✔✔autonomic dysreflexia - ✔✔life-threatening emergency that can occur with an upper
spinal cord injury ( above T6). sometimes called hyper-reflexia
- exaggerated response to certain stimuli that are harmles to someone without a spinal
cord injury
✔✔what are the s/s of autonomic dysreflexia ? - ✔✔Severe hypertension, headache,
bradycardia, sweating and flushing above level of lesion, piloerection, nasal congestion
✔✔what are the causes of autonomic dysreflexia? - ✔✔- distended bladder,
constipation or an impaction , stimuli to the skin like; pressure or temp
✔✔what is the treatment for autonomic dysreflexia? - ✔✔Sit the client up to lower the
blood pressure
- put the bed bound client in semi-fowlers
- treat the cause; insert a catheter , remove any impaction ( with topical anesthetic) ,
look for skin pressure, painful stimuli
✔✔what is the #1 cause of preventable cancer? - ✔✔-tobacco
,✔✔Alcohol + tobacco= - ✔✔Co-Carcinogenic
✔✔what kind of dietary causes cancer? - ✔✔- a low fiber diet
- increased red meat
- increased animal fat
- alcohol
- preservatives
✔✔what kind of pt has a increased incidence of cancer? - ✔✔- immunosuppressed
✔✔the most important risk factor for cancer is what? - ✔✔- aging
- that is why there is a higher incidence of cancer > age 60
✔✔what culture has a high incidence of cancer? - ✔✔- african americans followed by
Caucasians
✔✔what are some examples of primary prevention things one can follow to prevent
cancer? - ✔✔- no smoking
- exercise and good nutrition
- limit or eliminate alcohol intake
- HPV vaccine
✔✔what is an example of a secondary prevention when dealing with cancer? - ✔✔-
screenings to pick up cancer early, when there is a greater chance for cure or control
✔✔what are some examples of secondary prevention in females when dealing with
cancer? - ✔✔- breast self awarenes
- mammograms
- colonscopy
✔✔beginning at what age should women be told about benefits and limitations of
monthly breaast self exams ( BSE) - ✔✔20 s
✔✔What days of the menstrual cycle are best for doing the breast self exam? - ✔✔-
anytime from day 7 through day 12
✔✔how often should women 40 years of age get a breast exam ? - ✔✔- yearly
✔✔between ages 20-39 they should get a breast exam how often? - ✔✔- every 3 years
✔✔at what age do mammograms annually start? ( with two views of each breast) - ✔✔-
40
, ✔✔Before a mammogram what should the client not have on their body? - ✔✔no lotion,
no powder, and NO DEODORANT !!!!!
✔✔pap smears beginning at age ______ are performed every ___________ years if
there have been no problems. - ✔✔- 21
-3
✔✔at what age do females start getting a colonscopy ? - ✔✔50
- and then every 10 years if there have no problems
✔✔how often should females have their stool tested for fecal occult blood? - ✔✔- yearly
beginning at age 50 unless previous problems or a positive family history
✔✔for seconday prevention in males how often should testicular exams be performed?
- ✔✔- yearly
✔✔at what age should males get a colonscopy? - ✔✔- 50 and then every 10 years
✔✔fecal occult blood testing should be done how often in males? - ✔✔- yearly over the
age of 50
✔✔tertiary prevention - ✔✔focuses on the management of long term care for clients
with complex treatments for cancer
✔✔what are some examples of tertiary care? - ✔✔- support groups and rehabilitation
programs
✔✔what are some S/S of cancer? - ✔✔- CAUTION
C- CHANGE IN BOWEL/BLADDER
A- A SORE THAT DOES NOT HEAL
U- UNUSUAL BLEEDING/DISCHARGE
T- THICKENING OR LUMP IN BREAST OR ELSEWHERE
I- INDIGESTION OR DIFFICULTY SWALLOWING
O- OBVIOUS CHANGE IN WART OR MOLE
N- NAGGING COUGH OR HOARSENESS
✔✔cancer can invade the bone marrow which can lead to what? - ✔✔- anemia,
leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia
✔✔leukopenia - ✔✔low WBC count
✔✔what are 4 bleeding precautions to follow ? - ✔✔- use an electric razor
- use a soft toothbrush
- no IMs
