HURST REVIEW TIPS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SURE A+
✔✔most chemo drugs are given how? - ✔✔- IV via a Central line
- peripheal line used ONLY if drug is IV push or infuses in less than 1 hour
✔✔a ____________ is a type of chemo drug that if it infiltrates will cause tissue
necrosis - ✔✔vesicant
✔✔what are some S/S of extravasation ? - ✔✔- pain
- swelling and no blood return
✔✔what is the treatment for extravastation ? - ✔✔- PREVENTION IS #1
✔✔what do you do if chemotherapy does extracasate? - ✔✔- stop infusion and send for
the extravasation kit
✔✔bone marrow and stem cell transplants are primarily used as treatments for the
__________________ cancers - ✔✔hematologic
✔✔stem cell transplants - ✔✔Bone marrow transplant and cord-blood transplant
✔✔bone marrow transplant - ✔✔when stem cells are transplanted from the bone
marrow
✔✔how are stem cells given? - ✔✔into a vein, much like a blood transfusion, and over
time they settle in the bone marrow and produce healthy blood cells
✔✔what are some GI side effects that happen with cancer treatments? - ✔✔- Nausea/
vomiting
- stomatitis
- diarrhea
,✔✔what is the drug given the first 1 week of chemotherapy to help nausea and vomiting
? - ✔✔- ondanstron ( zofran)
- blocks the effects of serotonin so its a SEROTONIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST
- serotonin recpetor antangonists all end in TRON
✔✔netuputant / palonosetron ( Alynzeo) - ✔✔oral combination antiemetic
- prevents acute and delayed N/V caused from chemo. only 1 dose- one pill, one hour
before chemo
✔✔what are some examples of non pharmalogical treatments for N/V - ✔✔- ginger
-armoatherapy
- accupuncture
✔✔stomatitis - ✔✔inflammation of the mouth
- oral cavity is very susceptible to irritation
✔✔when a pt is having chemotherapy what kind of side effects in the integumentary
system should one worry about ? - ✔✔- alopecia ( hair loss)
✔✔bone marrow suppression causes what? - ✔✔- decreased RBCs, WBCs, and
platelets. clients at risk for anemia, infection and bleeding
✔✔what is the #1 cause of cancer related deaths? - ✔✔- infection
✔✔what kind of plans can you have for a client to prevent fatigue? - ✔✔- provide
periods of rest, naps, and limit visiation time
teach clients to do these things at home
✔✔pain treatment is essential with cancer clients and should treat without worry about
the risk for what? - ✔✔- dependence
✔✔pain is most often due to direct tumor involvement, but can also be the result of
treatment, like muscositis or peripheal _________________ - ✔✔neuropathy
✔✔what is considered the "gold standard" for cancer pain ? - ✔✔- opiods
✔✔neutropenia - ✔✔a decreased number of neutrophils ( mature WBCs)
✔✔the best way to assess neutropenia is by calculating
____________________________________________ - ✔✔absloute neutrophil count (
ANC)
, ✔✔what exactly does a ANC tell you ? - ✔✔- how many of your WBCs are neutrophils
and indicates how well your client can handle an infection
✔✔what is the treatment for neutropenia? - ✔✔- antibiotics
- implement neutropenic precautions
✔✔what is the normal absloulte neutrophil count ( ANC) ? - ✔✔- 2500-8000 cells
✔✔what is the second leading cause of death in cancer clients? - ✔✔- DVTs
✔✔thrombocytopenia - ✔✔low platelet count
✔✔platelets are responsible for what? - ✔✔- clotting
✔✔what is the treatment for thrombocytopenia? - ✔✔Give them some platelets
✔✔what is the name of the hormone that induces amenorrhea? - ✔✔- progesterone
✔✔What are presumptive signs of pregnancy? - ✔✔Amenorrhea (an abnormal absence
of menstruation.)- often the first sign
Nausea- *morning sickness*
breast tenderness/ enlargement
deepening pigmentation
URINE FREQ. CAN BE ON OF THE FIRST SIGNS
✔✔What are probable signs of pregnancy? - ✔✔- positive preg. test-- since it is based
on the presence of HCG levels
✔✔what other conditions can cause increase in HCG levels? - ✔✔- hydatiform ( molar
preg)
✔✔hydatidiform mole (molar pregnancy) - ✔✔- benign neoplasm of grape like vesicles
that can become malignant
- if no malignant then DNC is required will close follow up for 6 months to 1 year
✔✔goodells sign - ✔✔softening of the cervix ( second month)
✔✔chadwicks sign - ✔✔Bluish-purple coloration of the vaginal mucosa and cervix ( 4
week)
✔✔hegars sign - ✔✔softening of the lower uterine segment ( 2nd or 3rd month)
✔✔linea nigra - ✔✔a dark line appearing on the abdomen and extending from the pubis
toward the umbilicus
SURE A+
✔✔most chemo drugs are given how? - ✔✔- IV via a Central line
- peripheal line used ONLY if drug is IV push or infuses in less than 1 hour
✔✔a ____________ is a type of chemo drug that if it infiltrates will cause tissue
necrosis - ✔✔vesicant
✔✔what are some S/S of extravasation ? - ✔✔- pain
- swelling and no blood return
✔✔what is the treatment for extravastation ? - ✔✔- PREVENTION IS #1
✔✔what do you do if chemotherapy does extracasate? - ✔✔- stop infusion and send for
the extravasation kit
✔✔bone marrow and stem cell transplants are primarily used as treatments for the
__________________ cancers - ✔✔hematologic
✔✔stem cell transplants - ✔✔Bone marrow transplant and cord-blood transplant
✔✔bone marrow transplant - ✔✔when stem cells are transplanted from the bone
marrow
✔✔how are stem cells given? - ✔✔into a vein, much like a blood transfusion, and over
time they settle in the bone marrow and produce healthy blood cells
✔✔what are some GI side effects that happen with cancer treatments? - ✔✔- Nausea/
vomiting
- stomatitis
- diarrhea
,✔✔what is the drug given the first 1 week of chemotherapy to help nausea and vomiting
? - ✔✔- ondanstron ( zofran)
- blocks the effects of serotonin so its a SEROTONIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST
- serotonin recpetor antangonists all end in TRON
✔✔netuputant / palonosetron ( Alynzeo) - ✔✔oral combination antiemetic
- prevents acute and delayed N/V caused from chemo. only 1 dose- one pill, one hour
before chemo
✔✔what are some examples of non pharmalogical treatments for N/V - ✔✔- ginger
-armoatherapy
- accupuncture
✔✔stomatitis - ✔✔inflammation of the mouth
- oral cavity is very susceptible to irritation
✔✔when a pt is having chemotherapy what kind of side effects in the integumentary
system should one worry about ? - ✔✔- alopecia ( hair loss)
✔✔bone marrow suppression causes what? - ✔✔- decreased RBCs, WBCs, and
platelets. clients at risk for anemia, infection and bleeding
✔✔what is the #1 cause of cancer related deaths? - ✔✔- infection
✔✔what kind of plans can you have for a client to prevent fatigue? - ✔✔- provide
periods of rest, naps, and limit visiation time
teach clients to do these things at home
✔✔pain treatment is essential with cancer clients and should treat without worry about
the risk for what? - ✔✔- dependence
✔✔pain is most often due to direct tumor involvement, but can also be the result of
treatment, like muscositis or peripheal _________________ - ✔✔neuropathy
✔✔what is considered the "gold standard" for cancer pain ? - ✔✔- opiods
✔✔neutropenia - ✔✔a decreased number of neutrophils ( mature WBCs)
✔✔the best way to assess neutropenia is by calculating
____________________________________________ - ✔✔absloute neutrophil count (
ANC)
, ✔✔what exactly does a ANC tell you ? - ✔✔- how many of your WBCs are neutrophils
and indicates how well your client can handle an infection
✔✔what is the treatment for neutropenia? - ✔✔- antibiotics
- implement neutropenic precautions
✔✔what is the normal absloulte neutrophil count ( ANC) ? - ✔✔- 2500-8000 cells
✔✔what is the second leading cause of death in cancer clients? - ✔✔- DVTs
✔✔thrombocytopenia - ✔✔low platelet count
✔✔platelets are responsible for what? - ✔✔- clotting
✔✔what is the treatment for thrombocytopenia? - ✔✔Give them some platelets
✔✔what is the name of the hormone that induces amenorrhea? - ✔✔- progesterone
✔✔What are presumptive signs of pregnancy? - ✔✔Amenorrhea (an abnormal absence
of menstruation.)- often the first sign
Nausea- *morning sickness*
breast tenderness/ enlargement
deepening pigmentation
URINE FREQ. CAN BE ON OF THE FIRST SIGNS
✔✔What are probable signs of pregnancy? - ✔✔- positive preg. test-- since it is based
on the presence of HCG levels
✔✔what other conditions can cause increase in HCG levels? - ✔✔- hydatiform ( molar
preg)
✔✔hydatidiform mole (molar pregnancy) - ✔✔- benign neoplasm of grape like vesicles
that can become malignant
- if no malignant then DNC is required will close follow up for 6 months to 1 year
✔✔goodells sign - ✔✔softening of the cervix ( second month)
✔✔chadwicks sign - ✔✔Bluish-purple coloration of the vaginal mucosa and cervix ( 4
week)
✔✔hegars sign - ✔✔softening of the lower uterine segment ( 2nd or 3rd month)
✔✔linea nigra - ✔✔a dark line appearing on the abdomen and extending from the pubis
toward the umbilicus
