NURS 8006 FINAL 2026 SUMMER-FALL MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS |UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI
Star Model- Discovery
New knowledge is discovered by primary research
Star Model- Summary
Look at all research and synthesize it into a single meaningful statement
Star Model- Translation
Summary of scientific evidence is considered in context of clinical expertise and other
information to result in practice recommendation
Research evidence into clinical recommendations
Star Model- Integration
Requires a change in professional practice at the individual or organizational and
environmental levels
Star Model- Evaluation
Impact of change- measured w/ endpoints or outcomes Has to be measurable Along with
outcomes, the efficacy, satisfaction, efficiency, health status impact, the economic
impact, and the sustainability of the change and the outcomes over time
,How can the EBP challenge of time be overcome?
15 min/day devoted to; sign up for email alerts; bookmark website; Team approach; ask for
release time; evaluated technological strategies to save time (ex. PDA)
How can the lack of value in EBP be overcome?
make list of why people should value EBP and springboard when interacting with others;
invite researchers or theorists who are passionate about their work to the unit; link
measurements of quality improvement indicators to EBP
How do you overcome the lack of knowledge regarding EBP?
take a course; invite others who are adept at this and discuss its applicability to your
setting; create a mentoring program; encourage colleagues to attend programs that will
expand their knowledge and skill
How do you overcome the lack of resources for EBP?
writing a proposal to obtain resources who have access to databases or persons who can
do this for you; partner w/ other groups that have the resources you need; collaborate w/ a
nursing program or another organization who does or take a course so you have access to
resources
How do you overcome resistance to change in EBP?
,listen to concerns regarding change; if selecting EBP issues, select one staff are interested
in; mobilize talented people who can be change agents (i.e. consider Diffusion theory to
assist you); reward system
How do you address the communication gap between researchers and clinicians in EBP?
Identify clinical problems and share w/ researchers; participate in unit based projects;
subscribe to scholarly journals that provide well-written and understandable research
studies; Expand your professional network to include nurse researchers; attend
educational conferences
What are the elements of PICO?
P- patient population
I- intervention
C- comparison
O- outcome
Credibility
A criterion for evaluating integrity and trustworthiness in qualitative studies, referring to
confidence in the truth of the data; analogous to internal validity in quantitative research
Once you get a sense of the methods and recommendations/conclusions of research
evidence was the evidence rigorously produced
Are these findings similar to other study results? Do not assume not rigorous if not the
same
, Clinical significance
Practical importance of research results in terms of whether they have genuine, palpable
effects on the daily lives of patients or on the health care decisions made on their behalf
Do the results have enough impact or substance to make a clinical difference if
implemented in your clinical setting?
Ex.--> is a Caucasian woman's attitudes regarding osteoporosis prevention likely to
produce a change in their dietary, exercise or smoking behaviors?
Are the measures of association reported (e.g., r2)?
What may or may not be stated in the research evidence
Check implications to practice- may need to piece together
Applicability
Fit of evidence to the clinical setting you are considering
Feasibility
Safety-is the intervention going to be safely executed in setting
Expected benefit
It is important for APNs to be able to appraise research evidence because:
A. Content validity is more important than construct validity
B. Qualitative research is more useful in practice than quantitative
C. A decision much be made about the applicability of the research to practice
D. The research is more credible when the Cronbach Alpha value is below 7.0
C
SOLUTIONS |UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI
Star Model- Discovery
New knowledge is discovered by primary research
Star Model- Summary
Look at all research and synthesize it into a single meaningful statement
Star Model- Translation
Summary of scientific evidence is considered in context of clinical expertise and other
information to result in practice recommendation
Research evidence into clinical recommendations
Star Model- Integration
Requires a change in professional practice at the individual or organizational and
environmental levels
Star Model- Evaluation
Impact of change- measured w/ endpoints or outcomes Has to be measurable Along with
outcomes, the efficacy, satisfaction, efficiency, health status impact, the economic
impact, and the sustainability of the change and the outcomes over time
,How can the EBP challenge of time be overcome?
15 min/day devoted to; sign up for email alerts; bookmark website; Team approach; ask for
release time; evaluated technological strategies to save time (ex. PDA)
How can the lack of value in EBP be overcome?
make list of why people should value EBP and springboard when interacting with others;
invite researchers or theorists who are passionate about their work to the unit; link
measurements of quality improvement indicators to EBP
How do you overcome the lack of knowledge regarding EBP?
take a course; invite others who are adept at this and discuss its applicability to your
setting; create a mentoring program; encourage colleagues to attend programs that will
expand their knowledge and skill
How do you overcome the lack of resources for EBP?
writing a proposal to obtain resources who have access to databases or persons who can
do this for you; partner w/ other groups that have the resources you need; collaborate w/ a
nursing program or another organization who does or take a course so you have access to
resources
How do you overcome resistance to change in EBP?
,listen to concerns regarding change; if selecting EBP issues, select one staff are interested
in; mobilize talented people who can be change agents (i.e. consider Diffusion theory to
assist you); reward system
How do you address the communication gap between researchers and clinicians in EBP?
Identify clinical problems and share w/ researchers; participate in unit based projects;
subscribe to scholarly journals that provide well-written and understandable research
studies; Expand your professional network to include nurse researchers; attend
educational conferences
What are the elements of PICO?
P- patient population
I- intervention
C- comparison
O- outcome
Credibility
A criterion for evaluating integrity and trustworthiness in qualitative studies, referring to
confidence in the truth of the data; analogous to internal validity in quantitative research
Once you get a sense of the methods and recommendations/conclusions of research
evidence was the evidence rigorously produced
Are these findings similar to other study results? Do not assume not rigorous if not the
same
, Clinical significance
Practical importance of research results in terms of whether they have genuine, palpable
effects on the daily lives of patients or on the health care decisions made on their behalf
Do the results have enough impact or substance to make a clinical difference if
implemented in your clinical setting?
Ex.--> is a Caucasian woman's attitudes regarding osteoporosis prevention likely to
produce a change in their dietary, exercise or smoking behaviors?
Are the measures of association reported (e.g., r2)?
What may or may not be stated in the research evidence
Check implications to practice- may need to piece together
Applicability
Fit of evidence to the clinical setting you are considering
Feasibility
Safety-is the intervention going to be safely executed in setting
Expected benefit
It is important for APNs to be able to appraise research evidence because:
A. Content validity is more important than construct validity
B. Qualitative research is more useful in practice than quantitative
C. A decision much be made about the applicability of the research to practice
D. The research is more credible when the Cronbach Alpha value is below 7.0
C
