Introduction
Mutation is a fundamental biological process that leads
to the creation of genes or chromosomes differing from
the wild type, which serves as the arbitrary standard for
what is considered "normal" for an organism. This
process results in a permanent change, most commonly
defined as a spontaneous alteration in a gene or
chromosome, producing detectable effects in the
organism and being transmitted to offspring.
Types of Mutation
1. Gene Mutation
• Involves changes in the allele of a gene.
2. Chromosome Mutation
• Encompasses changes in segments of
chromosomes, whole chromosomes, or
entire sets of chromosomes.
Causes and Mechanisms of Mutation
Mutations can occur due to various causes and
mechanisms:
, 1. Errors in DNA Replication
• Mistakes during the DNA copying process.
2. Errors in DNA Repair
Mutation is a fundamental biological process that leads
to the creation of genes or chromosomes differing from
the wild type, which serves as the arbitrary standard for
what is considered "normal" for an organism. This
process results in a permanent change, most commonly
defined as a spontaneous alteration in a gene or
chromosome, producing detectable effects in the
organism and being transmitted to offspring.
Types of Mutation
1. Gene Mutation
• Involves changes in the allele of a gene.
2. Chromosome Mutation
• Encompasses changes in segments of
chromosomes, whole chromosomes, or
entire sets of chromosomes.
Causes and Mechanisms of Mutation
Mutations can occur due to various causes and
mechanisms:
, 1. Errors in DNA Replication
• Mistakes during the DNA copying process.
2. Errors in DNA Repair
