POSC 225 EVALUATION SET QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔What is administrative law? - ✔✔The body of law created by bureaucrats through
rules, regulations, and standards necessary for policy implementation.
✔✔How are conflicts over administrative rules resolved? - ✔✔By the judiciary.
✔✔What is the primary focus of criminal law? - ✔✔Criminal law addresses violations
against society and conduct harmful to society as a whole.
✔✔How are most crimes defined and resolved? - ✔✔Most crimes are defined by state
legislation, and state courts resolve most criminal lawsuits.
✔✔What is the standard of proof required for criminal cases? - ✔✔The prosecutor must
prove their case beyond a reasonable doubt.
✔✔What is a common method for resolving criminal cases? - ✔✔Most cases are
resolved through plea bargaining.
✔✔What rights do criminal defendants have? - ✔✔Criminal defendants are entitled to
due process and may appeal if found guilty.
✔✔What does civil law primarily deal with? - ✔✔Civil law deals with private rights and
obligations established by voluntary agreements or laws.
✔✔What is a tort in the context of civil law? - ✔✔A tort is when harm to a person or
property is caused by another person's negligence or wrongful act.
✔✔What is the standard of proof in civil cases? - ✔✔The standard of proof in civil cases
is the preponderance of evidence.
, ✔✔What are the typical penalties in civil law? - ✔✔Penalties in civil law often involve
remedies for harm, typically in the form of monetary damages.
✔✔Do civil law cases guarantee the right to counsel? - ✔✔The right to counsel is
absent in civil law cases.
✔✔What type of disputes are usually involved in civil law? - ✔✔Civil law often involves
disputes related to contracts in business or services.
✔✔What distinguishes hypothetical questions from justiciable questions? -
✔✔Justiciable questions deal with actual cases or controversies, while hypothetical
questions do not.
✔✔What is the role of a judge in an inquisitorial system? - ✔✔In an inquisitorial system,
the judge acts as the prosecutor and examines the facts of the case.
✔✔Which legal system does the U.S. primarily use? - ✔✔The U.S. primarily uses the
adversarial system.
✔✔How does the adversarial system function? - ✔✔In the adversarial system, two
parties dispute their cases, and the court determines winners and losers.
✔✔Where are questions of fact resolved in the court system? - ✔✔Questions of fact are
resolved in trial courts.
✔✔Where are questions of law interpreted and applied? - ✔✔Questions of
interpretation and application of law are resolved in appellate courts.
✔✔Trial court - ✔✔Have original jurisdiction, meaning they are the 1st courts to hear a
case.
✔✔Jury trial - ✔✔A group of citizens determine guilt or liability based on the evidence
and testimony.
✔✔Bench trial - ✔✔A judge determines guilt or liability based on the evidence and
testimony.
✔✔Appellate Courts - ✔✔Deals with legal questions, no new facts are reintroduced.
✔✔Federal vs. State jurisdiction - ✔✔Structure of court.
✔✔Article I courts - ✔✔Congress establishes article 1 courts to resolve conflicts
regarding specific federal laws.
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔What is administrative law? - ✔✔The body of law created by bureaucrats through
rules, regulations, and standards necessary for policy implementation.
✔✔How are conflicts over administrative rules resolved? - ✔✔By the judiciary.
✔✔What is the primary focus of criminal law? - ✔✔Criminal law addresses violations
against society and conduct harmful to society as a whole.
✔✔How are most crimes defined and resolved? - ✔✔Most crimes are defined by state
legislation, and state courts resolve most criminal lawsuits.
✔✔What is the standard of proof required for criminal cases? - ✔✔The prosecutor must
prove their case beyond a reasonable doubt.
✔✔What is a common method for resolving criminal cases? - ✔✔Most cases are
resolved through plea bargaining.
✔✔What rights do criminal defendants have? - ✔✔Criminal defendants are entitled to
due process and may appeal if found guilty.
✔✔What does civil law primarily deal with? - ✔✔Civil law deals with private rights and
obligations established by voluntary agreements or laws.
✔✔What is a tort in the context of civil law? - ✔✔A tort is when harm to a person or
property is caused by another person's negligence or wrongful act.
✔✔What is the standard of proof in civil cases? - ✔✔The standard of proof in civil cases
is the preponderance of evidence.
, ✔✔What are the typical penalties in civil law? - ✔✔Penalties in civil law often involve
remedies for harm, typically in the form of monetary damages.
✔✔Do civil law cases guarantee the right to counsel? - ✔✔The right to counsel is
absent in civil law cases.
✔✔What type of disputes are usually involved in civil law? - ✔✔Civil law often involves
disputes related to contracts in business or services.
✔✔What distinguishes hypothetical questions from justiciable questions? -
✔✔Justiciable questions deal with actual cases or controversies, while hypothetical
questions do not.
✔✔What is the role of a judge in an inquisitorial system? - ✔✔In an inquisitorial system,
the judge acts as the prosecutor and examines the facts of the case.
✔✔Which legal system does the U.S. primarily use? - ✔✔The U.S. primarily uses the
adversarial system.
✔✔How does the adversarial system function? - ✔✔In the adversarial system, two
parties dispute their cases, and the court determines winners and losers.
✔✔Where are questions of fact resolved in the court system? - ✔✔Questions of fact are
resolved in trial courts.
✔✔Where are questions of law interpreted and applied? - ✔✔Questions of
interpretation and application of law are resolved in appellate courts.
✔✔Trial court - ✔✔Have original jurisdiction, meaning they are the 1st courts to hear a
case.
✔✔Jury trial - ✔✔A group of citizens determine guilt or liability based on the evidence
and testimony.
✔✔Bench trial - ✔✔A judge determines guilt or liability based on the evidence and
testimony.
✔✔Appellate Courts - ✔✔Deals with legal questions, no new facts are reintroduced.
✔✔Federal vs. State jurisdiction - ✔✔Structure of court.
✔✔Article I courts - ✔✔Congress establishes article 1 courts to resolve conflicts
regarding specific federal laws.
