Virginia Wastewater Operator Class 3 License
Exam QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH
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Virginia Wastewater Operator Class 3 License Exam – Overview & Practice Questions
EXAM DOMAINS (Class 3 Level)
Based on the Virginia regulatory framework, the Class 3 exam covers :
1. Preliminary Treatment – Screening, grit removal, flow equalization
2. Primary Treatment – Sedimentation, clarification, scum removal
3. Secondary Treatment (Activated Sludge) – Aeration, MLSS, RAS/WAS, F/M ratio, SVI
4. Secondary Treatment (Fixed Film) – Trickling filters, RBCs
5. Tertiary Treatment & Disinfection – Filtration, chlorination, dechlorination, UV
6. Solids Handling – Thickening, digestion, dewatering, biosolids disposal
7. Laboratory & Process Control – BOD, TSS, pH, DO, settleability
8. Pumps, Motors, & Maintenance – Centrifugal pumps, positive displacement pumps, preventive
maintenance
9. Safety & Regulations – Confined space, H₂S, lockout/tagout, VPDES permits
10. Nutrient Removal – Biological nitrogen removal, chemical phosphorus removal
Question 1: What is the primary purpose of a bar screen in a wastewater treatment plant?
A) Remove sand and grit
B) Remove large solids and debris
C) Remove dissolved organic matter
D) Equalize flow
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Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bar screens physically remove large solids (rags, sticks, plastics) to protect downstream
equipment from damage or clogging .
Question 2: Which laboratory test measures the amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms during
the breakdown of organic matter?
A) Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
B) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
C) Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
D) Ammonia Nitrogen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: BOD measures the oxygen used by microorganisms to decompose organic matter in a sample
over 5 days .
Question 3: In activated sludge systems, what is the function of the aeration tank?
A) Settling solids
B) Removing odors
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C) Providing oxygen for microbial activity
D) Disinfecting effluent
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The aeration tank supplies oxygen to support microorganisms that break down organic
pollutants .
Question 4: What is the main goal of secondary clarification in wastewater treatment?
A) Remove heavy metals
B) Settle out biological solids
C) Neutralize acids
D) Remove grit
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Secondary clarifiers allow biological solids formed during aeration to settle out from the
treated water .
Question 5: What does MLSS stand for in activated sludge process control?
A) Mixed Liquid Settled Solids
B) Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids
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C) Mean Level Suspended Solids
D) Minimum Liquid Suspended Solids
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: MLSS is the concentration of suspended solids (primarily microorganisms) in the aeration
basin, expressed in mg/L .
Question 6: What is the typical MLSS concentration range for a conventional activated sludge system?
A) 500–1,000 mg/L
B) 1,500–3,000 mg/L
C) 4,000–6,000 mg/L
D) 8,000–10,000 mg/L
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Conventional activated sludge systems typically maintain MLSS concentrations of 1,500–
3,000 mg/L .
Question 7: What is the Food to Microorganism (F/M) ratio?
A) Flow rate ÷ Mixed liquor volume
B) BOD loading ÷ MLVSS