D115- Advanced Pathophysiology
EXAMS WIYH CORRECT ANSWERS
2026/2027
Herpes Keratitis - ANSWER--acute onset of severe eye pain, photophobia, and
blurred vision in one eye; diagnosed by using fluorescein dye - will appear
like fernlike lines on the corneal surface
-infection permanently damages corneal epithelium (may result in blindness)
-refer to ED or ophthalmologist STAT; avoid steroid ophthalmic drops
2 types of herpes virus that can infect the eyes - ANSWER-1. Herpes Simplex
= Herpes simplex keratitis
2. Herpes Varicella Zoster/Shingles = Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
Ophthalmological emergency - ANSWER-Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma
Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma - ANSWER--acute onset of severe eye pain
accompanied by headache, N/V, halos around lights, and decreased vision
-mid-dilated pupil that is oval shaped
-cloudy cornea
-fundoscopic examination reveals cupping of the optic nerve
-Refer to ED
-TRUE OPHTHALMOLOGICAL EMERGENCY
-increases ICP
, Multiple Sclerosis (optic neuritis) - ANSWER--new or intermittent loss of vision
in one eye alone or accompanied by nystagmus or other abnormal eye
movements
- aphasia, abnormal gait, spasticity, paresthesia
-daily fatigue that worsens throughout the day
-heat worsens symptoms
-has recurrent episodes
-refer to neurologist
Orbital Cellulitis - ANSWER--acute onset of erythematous swollen eyelid with
bulging of the eyeball and eye pain in affected eye
-abnormal extraocular movement exam with pain on eye movement
-look for hx of recent rhinosinusitis or URI
-caused by acute bacterial infection of the orbital contents
-more common in young children
-SERIOUS COMPLICATION
-Refer to ED
Retinal Detachment - ANSWER--sudden onset of a shower of floaters
associated with "looking through a curtain" sensation with sudden flashes of
light
-refer to ED
Cholesteatoma - ANSWER--cauliflower like growth in the middle ear. Pt c/o
foul smelling discharge and hearing loss.
-hx of chronic otitis media infection
-NO tympanic membrane or ossicles are visible on examination because of
destruction by tumor
EXAMS WIYH CORRECT ANSWERS
2026/2027
Herpes Keratitis - ANSWER--acute onset of severe eye pain, photophobia, and
blurred vision in one eye; diagnosed by using fluorescein dye - will appear
like fernlike lines on the corneal surface
-infection permanently damages corneal epithelium (may result in blindness)
-refer to ED or ophthalmologist STAT; avoid steroid ophthalmic drops
2 types of herpes virus that can infect the eyes - ANSWER-1. Herpes Simplex
= Herpes simplex keratitis
2. Herpes Varicella Zoster/Shingles = Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
Ophthalmological emergency - ANSWER-Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma
Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma - ANSWER--acute onset of severe eye pain
accompanied by headache, N/V, halos around lights, and decreased vision
-mid-dilated pupil that is oval shaped
-cloudy cornea
-fundoscopic examination reveals cupping of the optic nerve
-Refer to ED
-TRUE OPHTHALMOLOGICAL EMERGENCY
-increases ICP
, Multiple Sclerosis (optic neuritis) - ANSWER--new or intermittent loss of vision
in one eye alone or accompanied by nystagmus or other abnormal eye
movements
- aphasia, abnormal gait, spasticity, paresthesia
-daily fatigue that worsens throughout the day
-heat worsens symptoms
-has recurrent episodes
-refer to neurologist
Orbital Cellulitis - ANSWER--acute onset of erythematous swollen eyelid with
bulging of the eyeball and eye pain in affected eye
-abnormal extraocular movement exam with pain on eye movement
-look for hx of recent rhinosinusitis or URI
-caused by acute bacterial infection of the orbital contents
-more common in young children
-SERIOUS COMPLICATION
-Refer to ED
Retinal Detachment - ANSWER--sudden onset of a shower of floaters
associated with "looking through a curtain" sensation with sudden flashes of
light
-refer to ED
Cholesteatoma - ANSWER--cauliflower like growth in the middle ear. Pt c/o
foul smelling discharge and hearing loss.
-hx of chronic otitis media infection
-NO tympanic membrane or ossicles are visible on examination because of
destruction by tumor
