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, statistics The science of collecting, organizing, summarizing, and analyzing information to draw
conclusions or answer questions. In addition, statistics is about providing a measure of
confidence in any conclusions.
data Facts or propositions used to draw a conclusion or make a decision. The list of observed
values for a variable.
anecdotal the information being conveyed is based on casual observation, not scientific research
population the entire group of individuals to be studied
individual a person or object that is a member of the population being studied
sample a subset of the population that is being studied
statistic a numerical summary of a sample
descriptive statistics Consist of organizing and summarizing data. Describe data through numerical
summaries, tables, and graphs.
inferential statistics Uses methods that take a result from a sample, extend it to the population, and measure
the reliability of the result. One goal is to estimate parameters.
parameter a numerical summary of a population
the process of statistics 1. Identify the research objective
2. Collect the data needed to answer the question(s) posed in step 1
3. Describe the data
4. Perform inference