Thermodynamics – Complete Revision Notes (JEE Main & Advanced)
Chapter 1: Introduction
Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with heat, temperature, work, and energy,
and the laws governing their relationships.
Important Terms
System: The part of the universe under study.
Surroundings: Everything outside the system.
Boundary: Separates the system from the surroundings.
Types of Systems
1. Open System: Exchanges both matter and energy.
2. Closed System: Exchanges only energy.
3. Isolated System: Exchanges neither matter nor energy.
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2. Thermodynamic Variables
State Variables
Depend only on the current state:
Pressure (P)
Volume (V)
Temperature (T)
Internal Energy (U)
Path Variables
Depend on the process followed:
Heat (Q)
Chapter 1: Introduction
Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with heat, temperature, work, and energy,
and the laws governing their relationships.
Important Terms
System: The part of the universe under study.
Surroundings: Everything outside the system.
Boundary: Separates the system from the surroundings.
Types of Systems
1. Open System: Exchanges both matter and energy.
2. Closed System: Exchanges only energy.
3. Isolated System: Exchanges neither matter nor energy.
, ---
2. Thermodynamic Variables
State Variables
Depend only on the current state:
Pressure (P)
Volume (V)
Temperature (T)
Internal Energy (U)
Path Variables
Depend on the process followed:
Heat (Q)
