Florida Right-of-Way Pesticide Exam
b) category certification standards The practical knowledge that Right-of-Way Pest Control applicators must
demonstrate for certification is based upon the:
a) knowledge obtained while pursuing a secondary education degree
b) category certification standards
c) EPA-approved training courses for this category
d) 2960's novel, "Silent Spring"
c) $250 The cost of a 4-year license for Right-of-Way Pest Control commercial
(public license is $100) applicators is:
a) $100
b) $200
c) $250
d) No cost
d) county extension offices that offer the service The location to take restricted use pesticide exams is at:
a) the FDACS main office in Tallahassee
b) EPA headquarters in Washington DC
c) local public libraries
d) county extension offices that offer the service
b) 4 core and 8 Right-of-Way The number of continuing education units (CEUs) that a Right-of-Way Pest
Control applicator must obtain to keep the license valid:
a) 8 core and 8 Right-of-Way
b) 4 core and 8 Right-of-Way
c) 2 core and 2 Right-of-Way
d) 1 core and 1 Right-of-Way
biological phenomenon by which an organism allelopathy
produces one or more biochemicals that influence the
growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms
b) mechanical Which IVM control method uses mowers?
a) chemical
b) mechanical
c) cultural
d) biological
a) highways Which of the following are examples of rights-of-way?
c) utility lines a) highways
d) pipelines b) golf courses
e) railways c) utility lines
g) substations d) pipelines
e) railways
f) citrus groves
g) substations
d) chemical Which IVM control method uses 2, 4-D to control broadleaf weeds?
a) mechanical
b) cultural
c) biological
d) chemical
, Florida Right-of-Way Pesticide Exam
a) it is usually conducted by state and federal agencies Which of the following pertain to biological control in IVM?
d) it relies on living organisms to control unwanted a) it is usually conducted by state and federal agencies
weed species b) it is used for control of a broad spectrum of weed species
e) when successful, it is usually inexpensive to maintain c) it is fast-acting
d) it relies on living organisms to control unwanted weed species
e) when successful, it is usually inexpensive to maintain
a) cultural Which IVM control method uses mulches, fertilizers, and fire?
a) cultural
b) chemical
c) mechanical
d) biological
have a detrimental effect on public health, agricultural Noxious weeds
crops, natural ecosystem function, or animal production
FDACS Noxious Weed List and Federal Noxious Weed
List (USDA)
seedling Growth stages of a weed
vegetative
reproductive
maturity
- cotyledons may be present along with first true leaves Seedling stage
- plants are small and easily controlled
- leaf surface is easily penetrated because waxy
coating and surface hairs are not well developed
- younger plants have small roots near soil surface
- small size requires less herbicide for control and no
unsightly patches of dead weeds
- rapid growth of stems, roots, and foliage Vegetative stage
corresponding with rapid uptake of water and nutrients,
the moving of water and nutrients throughout the plant,
and the production of plant sugars through
photosynthesis
- many herbicides are much more effective in this stage
- flowering and seed production or fruit set Reproductive stage
- growth is limited and uptake of water and nutrients is
slowed
- translocation of water, nutrients, and sugars is
directed to reproductive parts, flowers, fruits, and
seeds
- movement of nutrients and sugars and herbicides to
the roots is reduced
, Florida Right-of-Way Pesticide Exam
- little or no growth Mature stage
- movement of water, nutrients, and herbicides is slow
- perennial plants translocate sugars to roots for winter
storage (good time to apply translocated herbicides for
this life cycle)
- one-year life cycle (summer or winter) Annual life cycle
- grasslike or broadleaved
- summer annuals grow from seeds that sprout in spring
- grow, mature, produce seed and die before winter
(e.g., crabgrass, Texas panicum, common cocklebur,
pigweed, and common lambsquarter)
- winter annuals grow from seeds that sprout in fall -
grow, mature, produce seed, and die before summer
(e.g., chickweed, shepherd's purse, and wild mustard)
- root systems do not persist from year to year, so
defoliating them usually controls them
- treatment not recommended after seed set
- two-year life cycle Biennial life cycle
- first year - grow from seed and develop a heavy root
and compact cluster of leaves (rosette)
- second year - mature, produce seed, and die
- e.g,., mullein, bull thistle, and wild carrot
- direct control at first year plants
- after seedhead has been produced (often most visible
part), the plant begins to senesce and dies
- herbicides after flowering and seed production is of
little or no benefit
- mechanical cutting to reduce height may be more
practical
, Florida Right-of-Way Pesticide Exam
- normally live more than 2 years Perennial life cycle
- some mature and reproduce in first year and then
repeat vegetation, seed production, and maturity
stages for several more years
- others - seed production and maturity stages may be
delayed for several years
- some die back each winter, others (like trees) lose
leaves but do not die back to ground
- most grow from seed
- many species also produce tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, or
stolons
- e.g., Johnsongrass, purple nutsedge, and kudzu
- simple perennials normally reproduce by seeds, but
root pieces left by cultivation can produce new plants
(e.g., dandelions, plantain, trees, and shrubs)
- bulbous perennials reproduce by seed, bulbets, or
bulbs (e.g., wild garlic produces seed and bulbets
above ground and bulbs below ground)
- creeping perennials produce seeds and rhizomes or
stolons (e.g., Johnsongrass, cogongrass, Bermudagrass)
- seedlings have only one leaf as they emerge from the Grasses
seed
- leaves are generally narrow and upright with parallel
veins
- stems generally round and may be hollow or solid
- most have fibrous root systems
- growing point on seedlings is sheathed and located
below the soil surface
- annuals or perennials
- similar to grasses but have triangular stems and leaves Sedges
are arranged in groups of 3
- not true grasses and herbicides meant specifically for
grass control typically do not control sedges
- most are found in wet places, but principal pest
species are found in fertile, well-drained soils
- yellow and purple nutsedge are perennial weed
species that produce rhizomes and tubers
- seedlings have 2 leaves as they emerge from the seed Broadleaves
- leaves are generally broad with netlike veins
- usually have strong central taproot and fairly coarse
root system
- annual, biennial, or perennial
- most actively growing plants have exposed growing
points at end of each stem and in each leaf axil
- perennial plants may also have growing points on
roots and stems above and below surface of soil
b) category certification standards The practical knowledge that Right-of-Way Pest Control applicators must
demonstrate for certification is based upon the:
a) knowledge obtained while pursuing a secondary education degree
b) category certification standards
c) EPA-approved training courses for this category
d) 2960's novel, "Silent Spring"
c) $250 The cost of a 4-year license for Right-of-Way Pest Control commercial
(public license is $100) applicators is:
a) $100
b) $200
c) $250
d) No cost
d) county extension offices that offer the service The location to take restricted use pesticide exams is at:
a) the FDACS main office in Tallahassee
b) EPA headquarters in Washington DC
c) local public libraries
d) county extension offices that offer the service
b) 4 core and 8 Right-of-Way The number of continuing education units (CEUs) that a Right-of-Way Pest
Control applicator must obtain to keep the license valid:
a) 8 core and 8 Right-of-Way
b) 4 core and 8 Right-of-Way
c) 2 core and 2 Right-of-Way
d) 1 core and 1 Right-of-Way
biological phenomenon by which an organism allelopathy
produces one or more biochemicals that influence the
growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms
b) mechanical Which IVM control method uses mowers?
a) chemical
b) mechanical
c) cultural
d) biological
a) highways Which of the following are examples of rights-of-way?
c) utility lines a) highways
d) pipelines b) golf courses
e) railways c) utility lines
g) substations d) pipelines
e) railways
f) citrus groves
g) substations
d) chemical Which IVM control method uses 2, 4-D to control broadleaf weeds?
a) mechanical
b) cultural
c) biological
d) chemical
, Florida Right-of-Way Pesticide Exam
a) it is usually conducted by state and federal agencies Which of the following pertain to biological control in IVM?
d) it relies on living organisms to control unwanted a) it is usually conducted by state and federal agencies
weed species b) it is used for control of a broad spectrum of weed species
e) when successful, it is usually inexpensive to maintain c) it is fast-acting
d) it relies on living organisms to control unwanted weed species
e) when successful, it is usually inexpensive to maintain
a) cultural Which IVM control method uses mulches, fertilizers, and fire?
a) cultural
b) chemical
c) mechanical
d) biological
have a detrimental effect on public health, agricultural Noxious weeds
crops, natural ecosystem function, or animal production
FDACS Noxious Weed List and Federal Noxious Weed
List (USDA)
seedling Growth stages of a weed
vegetative
reproductive
maturity
- cotyledons may be present along with first true leaves Seedling stage
- plants are small and easily controlled
- leaf surface is easily penetrated because waxy
coating and surface hairs are not well developed
- younger plants have small roots near soil surface
- small size requires less herbicide for control and no
unsightly patches of dead weeds
- rapid growth of stems, roots, and foliage Vegetative stage
corresponding with rapid uptake of water and nutrients,
the moving of water and nutrients throughout the plant,
and the production of plant sugars through
photosynthesis
- many herbicides are much more effective in this stage
- flowering and seed production or fruit set Reproductive stage
- growth is limited and uptake of water and nutrients is
slowed
- translocation of water, nutrients, and sugars is
directed to reproductive parts, flowers, fruits, and
seeds
- movement of nutrients and sugars and herbicides to
the roots is reduced
, Florida Right-of-Way Pesticide Exam
- little or no growth Mature stage
- movement of water, nutrients, and herbicides is slow
- perennial plants translocate sugars to roots for winter
storage (good time to apply translocated herbicides for
this life cycle)
- one-year life cycle (summer or winter) Annual life cycle
- grasslike or broadleaved
- summer annuals grow from seeds that sprout in spring
- grow, mature, produce seed and die before winter
(e.g., crabgrass, Texas panicum, common cocklebur,
pigweed, and common lambsquarter)
- winter annuals grow from seeds that sprout in fall -
grow, mature, produce seed, and die before summer
(e.g., chickweed, shepherd's purse, and wild mustard)
- root systems do not persist from year to year, so
defoliating them usually controls them
- treatment not recommended after seed set
- two-year life cycle Biennial life cycle
- first year - grow from seed and develop a heavy root
and compact cluster of leaves (rosette)
- second year - mature, produce seed, and die
- e.g,., mullein, bull thistle, and wild carrot
- direct control at first year plants
- after seedhead has been produced (often most visible
part), the plant begins to senesce and dies
- herbicides after flowering and seed production is of
little or no benefit
- mechanical cutting to reduce height may be more
practical
, Florida Right-of-Way Pesticide Exam
- normally live more than 2 years Perennial life cycle
- some mature and reproduce in first year and then
repeat vegetation, seed production, and maturity
stages for several more years
- others - seed production and maturity stages may be
delayed for several years
- some die back each winter, others (like trees) lose
leaves but do not die back to ground
- most grow from seed
- many species also produce tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, or
stolons
- e.g., Johnsongrass, purple nutsedge, and kudzu
- simple perennials normally reproduce by seeds, but
root pieces left by cultivation can produce new plants
(e.g., dandelions, plantain, trees, and shrubs)
- bulbous perennials reproduce by seed, bulbets, or
bulbs (e.g., wild garlic produces seed and bulbets
above ground and bulbs below ground)
- creeping perennials produce seeds and rhizomes or
stolons (e.g., Johnsongrass, cogongrass, Bermudagrass)
- seedlings have only one leaf as they emerge from the Grasses
seed
- leaves are generally narrow and upright with parallel
veins
- stems generally round and may be hollow or solid
- most have fibrous root systems
- growing point on seedlings is sheathed and located
below the soil surface
- annuals or perennials
- similar to grasses but have triangular stems and leaves Sedges
are arranged in groups of 3
- not true grasses and herbicides meant specifically for
grass control typically do not control sedges
- most are found in wet places, but principal pest
species are found in fertile, well-drained soils
- yellow and purple nutsedge are perennial weed
species that produce rhizomes and tubers
- seedlings have 2 leaves as they emerge from the seed Broadleaves
- leaves are generally broad with netlike veins
- usually have strong central taproot and fairly coarse
root system
- annual, biennial, or perennial
- most actively growing plants have exposed growing
points at end of each stem and in each leaf axil
- perennial plants may also have growing points on
roots and stems above and below surface of soil
