CRJU 300 FINAL JMU (Meade) EXAM WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
ACLU Recommendations for SWAT - ANSWER -SWAT teams should not be deployed
to execute search warrants unless imminent threat of serious harm to ordinary law
enforcement personnel
-Police training should not emphasize a soldier/warrior mindset
-States should create legal standards for the deployment of SWAT teams and require
reporting standards for oversight purposes
Why do we grant police so much discretion? - ANSWER -it allows them to respond to
situations instead of criminal offenses
> subjective interpretations of the incident
Factors that impact discretion - ANSWER -legal
>severity of offense
>criminal history
-situational
>demeanor of suspect/cooperation
-extralegal
>race, gender, SES (implicit biases)
Legitimate Force - ANSWER -minimum amount of force necessary to control a situation
-appropriate and reasonable
-"objective magnitude" - standard for use of force (Graham v. Connor (1989))
Excessive Force vs. Police Brutality - ANSWER -EF = more force than necessary; may
not have malicious intentions
-PB = overt intention to hurt suspect
Individual characteristics of officers that impact use of force - ANSWER -more education
= less use of force bc better critical thinking skills
Situational characteristics of situation that impact use of force - ANSWER -most
common when suspect is under influence, mentally ill, or resisting arrest
, Organizational characteristics of police department that impact use of force - ANSWER
Some departments have stricter policies regarding use of force
Ecological characteristics of neighbordhood that impact use of force - ANSWER High
crime neighborhoods
Ethical Use of Force - ANSWER -intentions: not used to punish
-seemliness: force that shocks the conscience is unethical, even if it is to control the
situation
-proportionality: in proportion to the threat and minimal amount of force to control
situation
Noble Cause Corruption - ANSWER -breaking rules for noble reasons
-"Dirty Harry/Dirty Hands" - morally questionable conduct in order to accomplish a noble
end
> unlawful use of force
> unwarranted arrests, searches, and seizures
> violating Miranda Laws
> planting evidence
> testilying
Police Corruption - ANSWER -misuse of authority by a police officer in a way that is
intended to produce personal gain
Explanations for police corruption - ANSWER -personalistic: just bad personality;
attracted to policing for the power
-institutional: police discretion and subculture
-systematic: society; ambivalence about morality; low police salaries
Ethicalness of Gratuities - ANSWER -influence judgement in conduct of duties
-create an expectation for preferential treatment
-affect distribution of police resources
Entrapment - ANSWER -whether you coerce or have someone do something they
otherwise wouldn't do
> ex: make someone buy drugs to arrest them
When is it appropriate to use deception? - ANSWER -Investigation
> undercover officers and informants
> unmarked patrol cars
> wiretaps
-Interrogation
-Testifying
Combating Corruption - ANSWER -Recruitment
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
ACLU Recommendations for SWAT - ANSWER -SWAT teams should not be deployed
to execute search warrants unless imminent threat of serious harm to ordinary law
enforcement personnel
-Police training should not emphasize a soldier/warrior mindset
-States should create legal standards for the deployment of SWAT teams and require
reporting standards for oversight purposes
Why do we grant police so much discretion? - ANSWER -it allows them to respond to
situations instead of criminal offenses
> subjective interpretations of the incident
Factors that impact discretion - ANSWER -legal
>severity of offense
>criminal history
-situational
>demeanor of suspect/cooperation
-extralegal
>race, gender, SES (implicit biases)
Legitimate Force - ANSWER -minimum amount of force necessary to control a situation
-appropriate and reasonable
-"objective magnitude" - standard for use of force (Graham v. Connor (1989))
Excessive Force vs. Police Brutality - ANSWER -EF = more force than necessary; may
not have malicious intentions
-PB = overt intention to hurt suspect
Individual characteristics of officers that impact use of force - ANSWER -more education
= less use of force bc better critical thinking skills
Situational characteristics of situation that impact use of force - ANSWER -most
common when suspect is under influence, mentally ill, or resisting arrest
, Organizational characteristics of police department that impact use of force - ANSWER
Some departments have stricter policies regarding use of force
Ecological characteristics of neighbordhood that impact use of force - ANSWER High
crime neighborhoods
Ethical Use of Force - ANSWER -intentions: not used to punish
-seemliness: force that shocks the conscience is unethical, even if it is to control the
situation
-proportionality: in proportion to the threat and minimal amount of force to control
situation
Noble Cause Corruption - ANSWER -breaking rules for noble reasons
-"Dirty Harry/Dirty Hands" - morally questionable conduct in order to accomplish a noble
end
> unlawful use of force
> unwarranted arrests, searches, and seizures
> violating Miranda Laws
> planting evidence
> testilying
Police Corruption - ANSWER -misuse of authority by a police officer in a way that is
intended to produce personal gain
Explanations for police corruption - ANSWER -personalistic: just bad personality;
attracted to policing for the power
-institutional: police discretion and subculture
-systematic: society; ambivalence about morality; low police salaries
Ethicalness of Gratuities - ANSWER -influence judgement in conduct of duties
-create an expectation for preferential treatment
-affect distribution of police resources
Entrapment - ANSWER -whether you coerce or have someone do something they
otherwise wouldn't do
> ex: make someone buy drugs to arrest them
When is it appropriate to use deception? - ANSWER -Investigation
> undercover officers and informants
> unmarked patrol cars
> wiretaps
-Interrogation
-Testifying
Combating Corruption - ANSWER -Recruitment
