PHARMACOLOGY D441 EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Principles of Drug Reconstitution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--process of
| | | | | | | |
adding a liquid dilute (SOLVENT) to a powdered med (SOLUTE) to make a
| | | | | | | | | | | |
solution (w med now in liquid form)
| | | | | | |
-necessary bc certain meds doesn't stay stable long enough to be
| | | | | | | | | | |
distributed in a solution type of form so its sent in as a powder to be
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
reconstituted with a liquid before drug administration | | | | | |
-read directions on insert / label: will tell you the type and ain't of
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
solvent to add (ex. Water, sterile water, saline)
| | | | | | |
-use syringe and needle to draw solvent-> powdered med
| | | | | | | |
-roll vial between hands to mix (making sure the med dissolves
| | | | | | | | | | |
completely in the solution) | | |
-single dose (discard after admin) multi dose (stored and used later,
| | | | | | | | | | |
document)
Pediatric Dosing - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-- more sensitive than adults
| | | | | | | | |
and may need to calculate (wt, ht, physical condition, immature
| | | | | | | | | |
systems, and metabolism) | |
,-make sure abiding by the 6 rights of drug admin
| | | | | | | | |
-pediatric doses are often less than 1 mL and require a tuberculin
| | | | | | | | | | | |
syringe for accurate dosing
| | |
-pediatric meds are calculated using infant or child's Kg weight
| | | | | | | | |
CONVERTING LBS-> KG - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-2.2 lb = 1 kg
| | | | | | | | |
X Kg= 1 kg/2.2 lb x 24 lb/ 1
| | | | | | | |
Converting grams to kilograms - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1000 g = 1 KG
| | | | | | | | | |
X kg = 1 kg/1000g x 2300 g / 1
| | | | | | | | |
Calculating safe dose range pediatric with given wt - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Example (DA version) | |
1. Convert wt in lb->kg
| | | |
2. Note the recommended dose range
| | | | |
3. Calculate the minimum dose first:
| | | | |
Xmg/dose=10mg/kg/dose X 1 kg/2.2lb x 22lb/1 | | | | |
4. Calculate maximum dose:
| | |
X mg/dose= 15mg/kg/dose X 1kg/2.2lb x 22lb/1
| | | | | |
5. Child may receive #-# mg of med as a single dose
| | | | | | | | | | |
,Obstetric Nursing - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-came from the word
| | | | | | |
"obstetric" means "midwife".
| | |
-commonly used IV meds to prevent seizures in pregnant woman (Mg
| | | | | | | | | | |
Sulfatem CNS depressant)| |
CNS Depressants
|
Function - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--promote relaxation
| | | |
-relieve anxiety|
-help or induce sleep
| | |
-moderate sedation (before and during invasive procedures like
| | | | | | | |
colonoscopies
CNS Depressant
|
DRUG Types/ MOA - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Benzodiazepines
| | | | | |
(diazePAM, midazolAM, lorazePAM, chlordiazepoxide)
| | |
Long acting: clonazepam (Klonopin), Diazeopam (Valium), Flurazepam
| | | | | | |
(Dalmane)
MOA:
-enhances the GABA effect of the CNS which is what promotes the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
sedation effect |
, Contraindications;
Benzodiazapines can induce daytime sleeping in few cases so to reduce
| | | | | | | | | | |
that possibility, Zolpidem is prescribed (non-benzo). Zolpidem is known
| | | | | | | | |
to cause sleep walking
| | |
Midazolam (Versed) Indications - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--mainly used
| | | | | | |
for moderate sedation
| |
-helps for amnesia /sedation
| | |
-helps to reduce anxiety
| | |
Route: IV |
Temaxepam (Restoril) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--intermediate acting
| | | | | |
Benzo (induces sleep within 30 mins)
| | | | |
-take 1 hr before bed because it has a long onset of action
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Eszopiclone (Lunesta) |
NON-BENZODIAZAPINE/MISC Hypnotic - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--long | | | | |
term use |
-provides a full 8 hrs of sleep | | | | | |
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Principles of Drug Reconstitution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--process of
| | | | | | | |
adding a liquid dilute (SOLVENT) to a powdered med (SOLUTE) to make a
| | | | | | | | | | | |
solution (w med now in liquid form)
| | | | | | |
-necessary bc certain meds doesn't stay stable long enough to be
| | | | | | | | | | |
distributed in a solution type of form so its sent in as a powder to be
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
reconstituted with a liquid before drug administration | | | | | |
-read directions on insert / label: will tell you the type and ain't of
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
solvent to add (ex. Water, sterile water, saline)
| | | | | | |
-use syringe and needle to draw solvent-> powdered med
| | | | | | | |
-roll vial between hands to mix (making sure the med dissolves
| | | | | | | | | | |
completely in the solution) | | |
-single dose (discard after admin) multi dose (stored and used later,
| | | | | | | | | | |
document)
Pediatric Dosing - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-- more sensitive than adults
| | | | | | | | |
and may need to calculate (wt, ht, physical condition, immature
| | | | | | | | | |
systems, and metabolism) | |
,-make sure abiding by the 6 rights of drug admin
| | | | | | | | |
-pediatric doses are often less than 1 mL and require a tuberculin
| | | | | | | | | | | |
syringe for accurate dosing
| | |
-pediatric meds are calculated using infant or child's Kg weight
| | | | | | | | |
CONVERTING LBS-> KG - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-2.2 lb = 1 kg
| | | | | | | | |
X Kg= 1 kg/2.2 lb x 24 lb/ 1
| | | | | | | |
Converting grams to kilograms - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1000 g = 1 KG
| | | | | | | | | |
X kg = 1 kg/1000g x 2300 g / 1
| | | | | | | | |
Calculating safe dose range pediatric with given wt - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Example (DA version) | |
1. Convert wt in lb->kg
| | | |
2. Note the recommended dose range
| | | | |
3. Calculate the minimum dose first:
| | | | |
Xmg/dose=10mg/kg/dose X 1 kg/2.2lb x 22lb/1 | | | | |
4. Calculate maximum dose:
| | |
X mg/dose= 15mg/kg/dose X 1kg/2.2lb x 22lb/1
| | | | | |
5. Child may receive #-# mg of med as a single dose
| | | | | | | | | | |
,Obstetric Nursing - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-came from the word
| | | | | | |
"obstetric" means "midwife".
| | |
-commonly used IV meds to prevent seizures in pregnant woman (Mg
| | | | | | | | | | |
Sulfatem CNS depressant)| |
CNS Depressants
|
Function - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--promote relaxation
| | | |
-relieve anxiety|
-help or induce sleep
| | |
-moderate sedation (before and during invasive procedures like
| | | | | | | |
colonoscopies
CNS Depressant
|
DRUG Types/ MOA - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Benzodiazepines
| | | | | |
(diazePAM, midazolAM, lorazePAM, chlordiazepoxide)
| | |
Long acting: clonazepam (Klonopin), Diazeopam (Valium), Flurazepam
| | | | | | |
(Dalmane)
MOA:
-enhances the GABA effect of the CNS which is what promotes the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
sedation effect |
, Contraindications;
Benzodiazapines can induce daytime sleeping in few cases so to reduce
| | | | | | | | | | |
that possibility, Zolpidem is prescribed (non-benzo). Zolpidem is known
| | | | | | | | |
to cause sleep walking
| | |
Midazolam (Versed) Indications - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--mainly used
| | | | | | |
for moderate sedation
| |
-helps for amnesia /sedation
| | |
-helps to reduce anxiety
| | |
Route: IV |
Temaxepam (Restoril) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--intermediate acting
| | | | | |
Benzo (induces sleep within 30 mins)
| | | | |
-take 1 hr before bed because it has a long onset of action
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Eszopiclone (Lunesta) |
NON-BENZODIAZAPINE/MISC Hypnotic - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--long | | | | |
term use |
-provides a full 8 hrs of sleep | | | | | |
