Describe Fat necrosis
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traumatic injury is high fat areas (breast) or by release of
activated pancreatic enzymes (acute pancreatitis)
- lipolysis occurs
- traumatic morphology is phagocytes containing lipid
- pancreatic type results in formation of soaps
(saponification) and cells look like shadows with basophilic
Ca++ deposits
Describe the major biochemical mechanisms of cell injury.
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, ATP depletion, Mitochondrial Damage, Ca++ influx, and DNA/protein
damage, and membrane damage
Describe Caseous necrosis
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- cheese like
- fragmented or lysed cells seen
- no visible tissue architecture
- common in TB granulomas
what are leukotrienes
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AA metabolites: produced from 5-lipoxygenase enzymes
LTB4: chemotactic for neutrophils
LTC4, LTD4, LTE4: bronchoconstriction, increased vascular permeability
what is the consequences of DNA/Protein
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, Too much damage or misfolding leads to Apoptosis
what is the difference between monocytes and macrophages
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change from a mono to a macro:
- larger
- more vacuoles
-golgi and er more obvious -> more protein
- more convolution of a membrane
Describe products of arachidonic acid breakdown below and explain the way(s) in
which each group participates in the inflammatory process
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created balance in the inflammation system:
Arachidonic Acid:
Source: cell membrane phospholipids, phospholipids release AA (which are
activated by chem, physical, mechanical trauma, C5a)
Describe the acute phase response and acute phase proteins
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, Fever
leukocytosis
septic shock
raised heart rate and BP
anorexia
chills
malaise
sleepiness
proteins:
- elevated levels of certain plasma proteins from liver
most important are: CRP, fibrinogen, SAA
- stimulated by IL-6
- act as opsonins and fix complements
Describe mechanisms the phagocytic cell has for dealing with ingested material
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- microbes bind to phagocyte receptors
- engulfment: phagocyte membrane zips up around microbe
- phagosome with ingested microbe and lysosome with enzymes are in the
phagocyte
- they fusion of phagosome with lysosome making a phagolysosome
- once with enzymes the microbe is subject to ROS and oxidative stress
and the Low PH
Draw a eukaryotic cell including all of the structures mitochondria, lysosome,
nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, microtubules,
microfilaments, and ribosomes.
Give this one a try later!
Give this one a try later!
traumatic injury is high fat areas (breast) or by release of
activated pancreatic enzymes (acute pancreatitis)
- lipolysis occurs
- traumatic morphology is phagocytes containing lipid
- pancreatic type results in formation of soaps
(saponification) and cells look like shadows with basophilic
Ca++ deposits
Describe the major biochemical mechanisms of cell injury.
Give this one a try later!
, ATP depletion, Mitochondrial Damage, Ca++ influx, and DNA/protein
damage, and membrane damage
Describe Caseous necrosis
Give this one a try later!
- cheese like
- fragmented or lysed cells seen
- no visible tissue architecture
- common in TB granulomas
what are leukotrienes
Give this one a try later!
AA metabolites: produced from 5-lipoxygenase enzymes
LTB4: chemotactic for neutrophils
LTC4, LTD4, LTE4: bronchoconstriction, increased vascular permeability
what is the consequences of DNA/Protein
Give this one a try later!
, Too much damage or misfolding leads to Apoptosis
what is the difference between monocytes and macrophages
Give this one a try later!
change from a mono to a macro:
- larger
- more vacuoles
-golgi and er more obvious -> more protein
- more convolution of a membrane
Describe products of arachidonic acid breakdown below and explain the way(s) in
which each group participates in the inflammatory process
Give this one a try later!
created balance in the inflammation system:
Arachidonic Acid:
Source: cell membrane phospholipids, phospholipids release AA (which are
activated by chem, physical, mechanical trauma, C5a)
Describe the acute phase response and acute phase proteins
Give this one a try later!
, Fever
leukocytosis
septic shock
raised heart rate and BP
anorexia
chills
malaise
sleepiness
proteins:
- elevated levels of certain plasma proteins from liver
most important are: CRP, fibrinogen, SAA
- stimulated by IL-6
- act as opsonins and fix complements
Describe mechanisms the phagocytic cell has for dealing with ingested material
Give this one a try later!
- microbes bind to phagocyte receptors
- engulfment: phagocyte membrane zips up around microbe
- phagosome with ingested microbe and lysosome with enzymes are in the
phagocyte
- they fusion of phagosome with lysosome making a phagolysosome
- once with enzymes the microbe is subject to ROS and oxidative stress
and the Low PH
Draw a eukaryotic cell including all of the structures mitochondria, lysosome,
nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, microtubules,
microfilaments, and ribosomes.
Give this one a try later!
