IB SEHS CORRECT EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SET A+
✔✔lateral - ✔✔far from the midline, towards the sides
✔✔inferior - ✔✔below
✔✔superior - ✔✔above
✔✔articular cartilage - ✔✔cartilage that reduces friction, absorbs shock where bones
meet to form joints
✔✔synovial membrane - ✔✔membrane that secretes fluid into joint cavity
✔✔synovial fluid - ✔✔joint lubricant, very fluid with movement, reduces friction, provides
nutrients to the cartilage
✔✔bursae - ✔✔fluid-filled sacs, where bone/ligaments meet, tendons/bones meet, or
skin/bone meet, lined by synovial membrane, reduces friction
✔✔meniscus - ✔✔cushion-like fibrocartilage disk that is found between some bones,
particularly when they don't fit well, semi-lunar disk
✔✔articular capsule - ✔✔sleeve-like structure, allows joint movement but protects from
dislocation, fibers protect joint
✔✔proximal - ✔✔closer to the center of the body/attachment point
✔✔distal - ✔✔farther from the center of the body/attachment point
✔✔epiphysis - ✔✔the ending of the bone (proximal=closer to body's axis, distal=farther
from the body's axis)
,✔✔order of vertebrae bones - ✔✔cervical(7), thoracic(12), lumbar(5), sacral(5),
coccygeal (4)
✔✔spongy bone - ✔✔(found primarily in the epiphyses), branching, bony plates,
reduced weight, tissue with branching and interconnected spaces, also called
cancellous bone, storage center of red bone marrow
✔✔diaphysis - ✔✔long shaft of the bone, made of compact bone, encloses the
medullary/marrow cavity
✔✔compact bone - ✔✔tightly packed tissue, resists bending, solid, dense,
homogenous, strong
✔✔marrow cavity - ✔✔also called medullary cavity, where yellow bone marrow is stored
(in diaphysis)
✔✔bone marrow - ✔✔tissue that produces either blood cells, or stores lipids
✔✔periosteum - ✔✔thin, shiny white membrane, outer lining of bone, important for
growth, repair, nutrition, and ligament/tendon attachment
✔✔fibrous joint - ✔✔joint that has a layer of fibrous tissue connects the edges of two
bones, continuous with the periosteum, no movement allowed, as in the sutures
between the parts of the skull
✔✔cartilaginous joint - ✔✔a disk of fibrocartilage or a thick layer of hyaline cartilage
separates bones (as in the ribs/sternum, and the vertebrae), limited movement
✔✔synovial joint - ✔✔most important joint for motility, with various cartilages and
capsules to protect
✔✔haemopoiesis - ✔✔blood cell production
✔✔bone - ✔✔a matrix of collagen (protein) fibers with water and mineral salts,
crystallized into hard tissue
✔✔Wolff's law - ✔✔bone adapts to the load it is placed under
✔✔joint (articular) cavity - ✔✔space between the bones
✔✔hyaline cartilage - ✔✔smooth white layer of articular cartilage covers the connecting
surfaces of two bones
✔✔gliding joint - ✔✔usually flat or slightly curved bones (tarsal bones, carpal bones)
, ✔✔hinge joint - ✔✔convex surface fits into a concave surface (knee and elbow joint)
✔✔pivot joint - ✔✔rounded surface of one bone rolls around in a ring formed by bone
and ligament (radioulnar joint, or in the neck)
✔✔condyloid joint - ✔✔oval shaped convex surface fits into a reciprocal shaped
concave surface ( between radius and carpal bones)
✔✔saddle joint - ✔✔a saddle shaped bone fits against another bone (like rider on a
saddle) (between carpal and metacarpal of the thumb)
✔✔ball and socket joint - ✔✔sphere head of one fits into rounded cavity (shoulder joint)
✔✔skeletal muscle - ✔✔voluntary, muscles for movement, striated
✔✔striated - ✔✔appears to be light and dark striped
✔✔cardiac or heart muscle - ✔✔striated, involuntary control
✔✔smooth muscle - ✔✔only type of unstriated muscle, involuntary, lines blood vessels
and hollow organs
✔✔functions of muscles - ✔✔movement, substance/food/blood movement, posture,
body heat
✔✔origin - ✔✔where tendon of muscle joins stationary bones
✔✔insertion - ✔✔where tendon of muscle meets moving bones
✔✔epimysium - ✔✔outermost layer of the entire muscle
✔✔perimysium - ✔✔surrounds bundles of muscle fibers/fascicles
✔✔endomysium - ✔✔layer of fascia that surrounds individual muscle fibres
✔✔fascia - ✔✔connective tissue in-between muscles and bones, made of fibrous
tissue,adipose tissue, and fluid
✔✔contractility - ✔✔ability to contract and generate force when stimulated by a nerve
✔✔fascicle - ✔✔a bundle/cluster of muscle fibers
SET A+
✔✔lateral - ✔✔far from the midline, towards the sides
✔✔inferior - ✔✔below
✔✔superior - ✔✔above
✔✔articular cartilage - ✔✔cartilage that reduces friction, absorbs shock where bones
meet to form joints
✔✔synovial membrane - ✔✔membrane that secretes fluid into joint cavity
✔✔synovial fluid - ✔✔joint lubricant, very fluid with movement, reduces friction, provides
nutrients to the cartilage
✔✔bursae - ✔✔fluid-filled sacs, where bone/ligaments meet, tendons/bones meet, or
skin/bone meet, lined by synovial membrane, reduces friction
✔✔meniscus - ✔✔cushion-like fibrocartilage disk that is found between some bones,
particularly when they don't fit well, semi-lunar disk
✔✔articular capsule - ✔✔sleeve-like structure, allows joint movement but protects from
dislocation, fibers protect joint
✔✔proximal - ✔✔closer to the center of the body/attachment point
✔✔distal - ✔✔farther from the center of the body/attachment point
✔✔epiphysis - ✔✔the ending of the bone (proximal=closer to body's axis, distal=farther
from the body's axis)
,✔✔order of vertebrae bones - ✔✔cervical(7), thoracic(12), lumbar(5), sacral(5),
coccygeal (4)
✔✔spongy bone - ✔✔(found primarily in the epiphyses), branching, bony plates,
reduced weight, tissue with branching and interconnected spaces, also called
cancellous bone, storage center of red bone marrow
✔✔diaphysis - ✔✔long shaft of the bone, made of compact bone, encloses the
medullary/marrow cavity
✔✔compact bone - ✔✔tightly packed tissue, resists bending, solid, dense,
homogenous, strong
✔✔marrow cavity - ✔✔also called medullary cavity, where yellow bone marrow is stored
(in diaphysis)
✔✔bone marrow - ✔✔tissue that produces either blood cells, or stores lipids
✔✔periosteum - ✔✔thin, shiny white membrane, outer lining of bone, important for
growth, repair, nutrition, and ligament/tendon attachment
✔✔fibrous joint - ✔✔joint that has a layer of fibrous tissue connects the edges of two
bones, continuous with the periosteum, no movement allowed, as in the sutures
between the parts of the skull
✔✔cartilaginous joint - ✔✔a disk of fibrocartilage or a thick layer of hyaline cartilage
separates bones (as in the ribs/sternum, and the vertebrae), limited movement
✔✔synovial joint - ✔✔most important joint for motility, with various cartilages and
capsules to protect
✔✔haemopoiesis - ✔✔blood cell production
✔✔bone - ✔✔a matrix of collagen (protein) fibers with water and mineral salts,
crystallized into hard tissue
✔✔Wolff's law - ✔✔bone adapts to the load it is placed under
✔✔joint (articular) cavity - ✔✔space between the bones
✔✔hyaline cartilage - ✔✔smooth white layer of articular cartilage covers the connecting
surfaces of two bones
✔✔gliding joint - ✔✔usually flat or slightly curved bones (tarsal bones, carpal bones)
, ✔✔hinge joint - ✔✔convex surface fits into a concave surface (knee and elbow joint)
✔✔pivot joint - ✔✔rounded surface of one bone rolls around in a ring formed by bone
and ligament (radioulnar joint, or in the neck)
✔✔condyloid joint - ✔✔oval shaped convex surface fits into a reciprocal shaped
concave surface ( between radius and carpal bones)
✔✔saddle joint - ✔✔a saddle shaped bone fits against another bone (like rider on a
saddle) (between carpal and metacarpal of the thumb)
✔✔ball and socket joint - ✔✔sphere head of one fits into rounded cavity (shoulder joint)
✔✔skeletal muscle - ✔✔voluntary, muscles for movement, striated
✔✔striated - ✔✔appears to be light and dark striped
✔✔cardiac or heart muscle - ✔✔striated, involuntary control
✔✔smooth muscle - ✔✔only type of unstriated muscle, involuntary, lines blood vessels
and hollow organs
✔✔functions of muscles - ✔✔movement, substance/food/blood movement, posture,
body heat
✔✔origin - ✔✔where tendon of muscle joins stationary bones
✔✔insertion - ✔✔where tendon of muscle meets moving bones
✔✔epimysium - ✔✔outermost layer of the entire muscle
✔✔perimysium - ✔✔surrounds bundles of muscle fibers/fascicles
✔✔endomysium - ✔✔layer of fascia that surrounds individual muscle fibres
✔✔fascia - ✔✔connective tissue in-between muscles and bones, made of fibrous
tissue,adipose tissue, and fluid
✔✔contractility - ✔✔ability to contract and generate force when stimulated by a nerve
✔✔fascicle - ✔✔a bundle/cluster of muscle fibers
