NURS 535 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Normal UA - ✔✔Bilirubin (-)
Blood (-)
WBC (-)
RBC (-)
Protein (-)
Nitrite (-)
Ketone (-)
Specific Gravity 1.002-1.030
pH 5-7
✔✔Treatment of UTI - ✔✔ATB, oral or IV fluids
✔✔UTI PO Antibiotics - ✔✔Amoxicillin 40 mg/kg/day in 3 doses
Bactrim ( Sulfa/TMX) 6-10 mg/kg/day based on trimethoprim
Cefdinir (Omnicef) 14 mg/kg/day
Cefixime (Suprax) 16 mg/kg/day in 2 doses, day 1; then day 2 : 8mg/kg/day QD
Cefpodixime (Vantin) 10 mg/kg/day in 2 doses
Cefprozil (Cefzil) 30 mg/kg/day in 2 doses
Cephalexin (Keflex) 50-100 mg/kg/day in 4 doses
✔✔Teaching plan for UTI - ✔✔Good perineal/ toilet hygiene
Avoiding irritants, tight clothing
Use cotton underwear
Maintain adequate fluid intake
Maintain acidic urine
,Void regularly emptying the bladder
✔✔Vesicoureteral reflux - ✔✔backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureters
Cause:
Occurs when urine flows from the bladder back into the ureters and the renal pelvis
Primary VUR-Result of an incompetent valvular mechanism at the uretervesicular
junction
Frequently seen underlying abnormality in kids with UTIs
Single UTI in male, recurrent in female are risk factors
✔✔Vesicoureteral reflux CM - ✔✔Fever, dysuria, frequency/urgency, nocturia,
hematuria, back pain, abdomen, flank pain
✔✔Vesicoureteral reflux - Nursing management - ✔✔Prophylaxis antibiotics for one-2
months post op and follow up VCUG
Help the child develop regular voiding pattern
Provide pre-op & post-op care for grades III to V
Provide child and family teaching on prevention of UTIs
✔✔Obstructive uropathy - ✔✔Anatomic changes in the urinary system caused by
obstruction
✔✔Obstructive uropathy complications - ✔✔UTI
Renal insufficiency
Kidney damage
✔✔OU CM - ✔✔Abdominal mass and c/o's of abdominal pain
UTI (urinary frequency, urgency, and dysuria)
Sepsis
Hematuria
Incontinence
✔✔OU Treatment - ✔✔Surgical correction often required
, Reimplantation of ureters or urinary diversion (ostomy)
Postoperative:
1. Assess patency of urinary catheters or drains
2. Monitor fluid and electrolytes
3. Administer analgesics and antispasmodics
4. Discharge teaching includes management of urinary drains/diversions
✔✔Nocturnal enuresis - ✔✔urinary incontinence during sleep
✔✔Nocturnal enuresis - Incidence - ✔✔From 5 to 7 million children in the United States
have nocturnal enuresis.
Boys are affected twice as often as girls.
Bedwetting occurs in 20% of children aged 5 years.
Of children aged 10 years, 5% have enuresis.
At age 15 years, 1% have enuresis.
From 45% to 50% of children with UTIs have nocturnal enuresis.
Familial history is significant. When one parent is enuretic, there is a 44% chance of the
offspring being enuretic; when both parents are enuretic, there is a 77% chance of the
offspring being enuretic
✔✔Nocturnal enuresis RF - ✔✔Interrupted or incomplete toilet training (anecdotal
evidence only)
Emotional distress, recent emotional crisis
Familial history of enuresis
UTI (secondary enuresis [uncommon])
Delayed developmental milestones
✔✔Nocturnal enuresis - Treatment - ✔✔Primary treatment is NON-DRUG therapy
Oral tablet is ONLY dosage form
-may be used prn during sleepovers, etc
Proper education on water intake!
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Normal UA - ✔✔Bilirubin (-)
Blood (-)
WBC (-)
RBC (-)
Protein (-)
Nitrite (-)
Ketone (-)
Specific Gravity 1.002-1.030
pH 5-7
✔✔Treatment of UTI - ✔✔ATB, oral or IV fluids
✔✔UTI PO Antibiotics - ✔✔Amoxicillin 40 mg/kg/day in 3 doses
Bactrim ( Sulfa/TMX) 6-10 mg/kg/day based on trimethoprim
Cefdinir (Omnicef) 14 mg/kg/day
Cefixime (Suprax) 16 mg/kg/day in 2 doses, day 1; then day 2 : 8mg/kg/day QD
Cefpodixime (Vantin) 10 mg/kg/day in 2 doses
Cefprozil (Cefzil) 30 mg/kg/day in 2 doses
Cephalexin (Keflex) 50-100 mg/kg/day in 4 doses
✔✔Teaching plan for UTI - ✔✔Good perineal/ toilet hygiene
Avoiding irritants, tight clothing
Use cotton underwear
Maintain adequate fluid intake
Maintain acidic urine
,Void regularly emptying the bladder
✔✔Vesicoureteral reflux - ✔✔backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureters
Cause:
Occurs when urine flows from the bladder back into the ureters and the renal pelvis
Primary VUR-Result of an incompetent valvular mechanism at the uretervesicular
junction
Frequently seen underlying abnormality in kids with UTIs
Single UTI in male, recurrent in female are risk factors
✔✔Vesicoureteral reflux CM - ✔✔Fever, dysuria, frequency/urgency, nocturia,
hematuria, back pain, abdomen, flank pain
✔✔Vesicoureteral reflux - Nursing management - ✔✔Prophylaxis antibiotics for one-2
months post op and follow up VCUG
Help the child develop regular voiding pattern
Provide pre-op & post-op care for grades III to V
Provide child and family teaching on prevention of UTIs
✔✔Obstructive uropathy - ✔✔Anatomic changes in the urinary system caused by
obstruction
✔✔Obstructive uropathy complications - ✔✔UTI
Renal insufficiency
Kidney damage
✔✔OU CM - ✔✔Abdominal mass and c/o's of abdominal pain
UTI (urinary frequency, urgency, and dysuria)
Sepsis
Hematuria
Incontinence
✔✔OU Treatment - ✔✔Surgical correction often required
, Reimplantation of ureters or urinary diversion (ostomy)
Postoperative:
1. Assess patency of urinary catheters or drains
2. Monitor fluid and electrolytes
3. Administer analgesics and antispasmodics
4. Discharge teaching includes management of urinary drains/diversions
✔✔Nocturnal enuresis - ✔✔urinary incontinence during sleep
✔✔Nocturnal enuresis - Incidence - ✔✔From 5 to 7 million children in the United States
have nocturnal enuresis.
Boys are affected twice as often as girls.
Bedwetting occurs in 20% of children aged 5 years.
Of children aged 10 years, 5% have enuresis.
At age 15 years, 1% have enuresis.
From 45% to 50% of children with UTIs have nocturnal enuresis.
Familial history is significant. When one parent is enuretic, there is a 44% chance of the
offspring being enuretic; when both parents are enuretic, there is a 77% chance of the
offspring being enuretic
✔✔Nocturnal enuresis RF - ✔✔Interrupted or incomplete toilet training (anecdotal
evidence only)
Emotional distress, recent emotional crisis
Familial history of enuresis
UTI (secondary enuresis [uncommon])
Delayed developmental milestones
✔✔Nocturnal enuresis - Treatment - ✔✔Primary treatment is NON-DRUG therapy
Oral tablet is ONLY dosage form
-may be used prn during sleepovers, etc
Proper education on water intake!
