ACVPM REVIEW TIPS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SURE A+
✔✔Knemidocoptes pile - ✔✔Mange on the beak and face of a parakeet. Pale, crusty
lesions are present, and the beak is malformed due to the presence of mites.
✔✔Knemidocoptes pilae
1. clinical signs
2. suborder - ✔✔1. Budgerigars at beak and legs (malformed beak)
2. Astigmata
✔✔Types of lice - ✔✔There are 2 basic types of lice. Biting or chewing lice (order
Mallophaga) infest both birds and mammals. They feed mostly on skin debris and the
secretions of their hosts. Blood-sucking lice (order Anoplura) are skin parasites of
mammals only
✔✔Psoroptes cuniculi - ✔✔Ear canker mite of rabbits; are extremely pruritic and can
cause head tilting due to burrowing through the tympanic membrane, commonly causes
severe ear infection rabbit
✔✔polyplax serrata - ✔✔mouse louse
✔✔Otodectes cynotis - ✔✔family Psoroptidae. common cause of otitis externa,
especially in cats but also in dogs.
✔✔Pyrantel pamoate - ✔✔Pyrantel and its derivative oxantel in the tetrahydropyrimidine
group. Small strongyles of horses have developed resistance.
✔✔fenbendazole - ✔✔a benzimidazole. Small strongyles of horses have developed
resistance.
✔✔Obeliscoides cuniculi - ✔✔rabbit stomach worm
,✔✔Encephalitozoon cuniculi - ✔✔parasite associated with head tilt and ataxia in rabbits
✔✔Passalurus ambiguous - ✔✔rabbit pinworm
✔✔Oxyuris equi - ✔✔Equine pinworm
Disease: Anal pruritis
Dx: Cellophane tape
Tx: Benzimidazoles
✔✔Otobius megnini - ✔✔soft (argasid) tick primarily in arid areas of North and South
America, India, and southern Africa. Adult ticks are not parasitic, but larvae and nymphs
infest external ear canals of (often large) animals.
✔✔Trichostrongylus axei - ✔✔The small stomach worm, the only nematode species
that occurs in humans, ruminants, and horses.
✔✔Acanthocheilonema (=Dipetalonema) reconditum - ✔✔microfilaria similar in
appearance to those of Dirofilaria immitis: may confound diagnosis
✔✔Platynosomum fastosum - ✔✔cat liver fluke
✔✔Strongylus vulgaris - ✔✔Although now rarely seen in managed horses, the migrating
larvae of this large strongyle (equine bloodworm) can cause severe inflammation in the
wall of the cranial mesenteric artery. Was once the most commonly diagnosed cause of
equine colic.
✔✔Small strongyles (cyathostomes) - ✔✔Larval cyathostominosis caused by mass
emergence of encysted cyathostomin larvae from the large intestinal walls,
characterized by acute, generalized typhlocolitis, profuse, watery diarrhea, and often
ventral edema. Often referred to as small strongyles, ubiquitous in grazing horses
across the world
✔✔Toxocara canis - ✔✔Canine roundworm, three lips at anterior end
✔✔Dioctophyme renale - ✔✔giant kidney worm
minks usual definitive host
✔✔Rhabditis - ✔✔free-living by nature, but occasionally causes opportunistic infections
associated with dermatitis in animals
✔✔Tick larvae vs nymph - ✔✔Larvae 6 legs, Nymph 8 legs
, ✔✔Trichuris felis - ✔✔Whipworm of cats, is a relatively rare parasite, more common in
tropical and sub-tropical regions
✔✔Dipylidium caninum - ✔✔Flea tapeworm, double-pored tapeworm, or cucumber
tapeworm. Cyclophyllid cestode of dogs, cats, and sometimes human pet-owners,
especially children. Egg-packets.
✔✔Gasterophilus spp - ✔✔Horse bots are the parasitic larvae of the botflies,
Gasterophilus spp. Adult females deposit their eggs onto hair shafts of horses. Bot
larvae ingested through grooming, cause inflammation in oral cavity and by attachment
to the stomach wall. Tx Ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg), with efficacy against both oral and
gastric stages.
✔✔Habronema and Draschia spp. - ✔✔muscid flies serve as vector and intermediate
host of these nematodes. cutaneous habronemiasis = summer sores
✔✔Toxocara canis - ✔✔Puppies can die at 2 days of age because of large numbers of
larval nematodes migrating and molting in their lungs
✔✔Haemonchus, Ostertagia, and Trichostrongylus nematodes - ✔✔Common stomach
worms of cattle
Haemonchus placei (barber's pole worm, large stomach worm, wire worm)
Ostertagia ostertagi (medium or brown stomach worm), Trichostrongylus axei (small
stomach worm, see Trichostrongylus axei Infection in Horses).
✔✔Salmon Poisoning Disease - ✔✔SPD is caused by N helminthoeca and is
sometimes complicated by a second agent, N elokominica, which causes Elokomin
fluke fever (EFF).
✔✔Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus - ✔✔Thorny headed worm of swine, beetle
intermediate host, few clinical signs
✔✔Stephanurus dentatus - ✔✔Swine kidney worms: Encyst in pairs along the ureters,
perirenal fat, and kidney. Present in southeastern and south central USA. The eggs
hatch shortly after being passed in the urine and reach the infective stage in 3-5 days.
The larvae are susceptible to temperature extremes, desiccation, and sunlight. Infection
is by skin penetration or ingestion of the infective larvae (earthworms may serve as
paratenic hosts). Liver migration for 3-9 mo. Larvae then penetrate the capsule and
migrate through the peritoneal cavity to the perirenal area, ureters, kidney, and perirenal
fat. Occasionally, some larvae errantly migrate to other tissues and organs or to
developing fetuses.
✔✔Thelazia spp. - ✔✔Eyeworms of horses, cattle. Spread by muscid flies (intermediate
host)
SURE A+
✔✔Knemidocoptes pile - ✔✔Mange on the beak and face of a parakeet. Pale, crusty
lesions are present, and the beak is malformed due to the presence of mites.
✔✔Knemidocoptes pilae
1. clinical signs
2. suborder - ✔✔1. Budgerigars at beak and legs (malformed beak)
2. Astigmata
✔✔Types of lice - ✔✔There are 2 basic types of lice. Biting or chewing lice (order
Mallophaga) infest both birds and mammals. They feed mostly on skin debris and the
secretions of their hosts. Blood-sucking lice (order Anoplura) are skin parasites of
mammals only
✔✔Psoroptes cuniculi - ✔✔Ear canker mite of rabbits; are extremely pruritic and can
cause head tilting due to burrowing through the tympanic membrane, commonly causes
severe ear infection rabbit
✔✔polyplax serrata - ✔✔mouse louse
✔✔Otodectes cynotis - ✔✔family Psoroptidae. common cause of otitis externa,
especially in cats but also in dogs.
✔✔Pyrantel pamoate - ✔✔Pyrantel and its derivative oxantel in the tetrahydropyrimidine
group. Small strongyles of horses have developed resistance.
✔✔fenbendazole - ✔✔a benzimidazole. Small strongyles of horses have developed
resistance.
✔✔Obeliscoides cuniculi - ✔✔rabbit stomach worm
,✔✔Encephalitozoon cuniculi - ✔✔parasite associated with head tilt and ataxia in rabbits
✔✔Passalurus ambiguous - ✔✔rabbit pinworm
✔✔Oxyuris equi - ✔✔Equine pinworm
Disease: Anal pruritis
Dx: Cellophane tape
Tx: Benzimidazoles
✔✔Otobius megnini - ✔✔soft (argasid) tick primarily in arid areas of North and South
America, India, and southern Africa. Adult ticks are not parasitic, but larvae and nymphs
infest external ear canals of (often large) animals.
✔✔Trichostrongylus axei - ✔✔The small stomach worm, the only nematode species
that occurs in humans, ruminants, and horses.
✔✔Acanthocheilonema (=Dipetalonema) reconditum - ✔✔microfilaria similar in
appearance to those of Dirofilaria immitis: may confound diagnosis
✔✔Platynosomum fastosum - ✔✔cat liver fluke
✔✔Strongylus vulgaris - ✔✔Although now rarely seen in managed horses, the migrating
larvae of this large strongyle (equine bloodworm) can cause severe inflammation in the
wall of the cranial mesenteric artery. Was once the most commonly diagnosed cause of
equine colic.
✔✔Small strongyles (cyathostomes) - ✔✔Larval cyathostominosis caused by mass
emergence of encysted cyathostomin larvae from the large intestinal walls,
characterized by acute, generalized typhlocolitis, profuse, watery diarrhea, and often
ventral edema. Often referred to as small strongyles, ubiquitous in grazing horses
across the world
✔✔Toxocara canis - ✔✔Canine roundworm, three lips at anterior end
✔✔Dioctophyme renale - ✔✔giant kidney worm
minks usual definitive host
✔✔Rhabditis - ✔✔free-living by nature, but occasionally causes opportunistic infections
associated with dermatitis in animals
✔✔Tick larvae vs nymph - ✔✔Larvae 6 legs, Nymph 8 legs
, ✔✔Trichuris felis - ✔✔Whipworm of cats, is a relatively rare parasite, more common in
tropical and sub-tropical regions
✔✔Dipylidium caninum - ✔✔Flea tapeworm, double-pored tapeworm, or cucumber
tapeworm. Cyclophyllid cestode of dogs, cats, and sometimes human pet-owners,
especially children. Egg-packets.
✔✔Gasterophilus spp - ✔✔Horse bots are the parasitic larvae of the botflies,
Gasterophilus spp. Adult females deposit their eggs onto hair shafts of horses. Bot
larvae ingested through grooming, cause inflammation in oral cavity and by attachment
to the stomach wall. Tx Ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg), with efficacy against both oral and
gastric stages.
✔✔Habronema and Draschia spp. - ✔✔muscid flies serve as vector and intermediate
host of these nematodes. cutaneous habronemiasis = summer sores
✔✔Toxocara canis - ✔✔Puppies can die at 2 days of age because of large numbers of
larval nematodes migrating and molting in their lungs
✔✔Haemonchus, Ostertagia, and Trichostrongylus nematodes - ✔✔Common stomach
worms of cattle
Haemonchus placei (barber's pole worm, large stomach worm, wire worm)
Ostertagia ostertagi (medium or brown stomach worm), Trichostrongylus axei (small
stomach worm, see Trichostrongylus axei Infection in Horses).
✔✔Salmon Poisoning Disease - ✔✔SPD is caused by N helminthoeca and is
sometimes complicated by a second agent, N elokominica, which causes Elokomin
fluke fever (EFF).
✔✔Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus - ✔✔Thorny headed worm of swine, beetle
intermediate host, few clinical signs
✔✔Stephanurus dentatus - ✔✔Swine kidney worms: Encyst in pairs along the ureters,
perirenal fat, and kidney. Present in southeastern and south central USA. The eggs
hatch shortly after being passed in the urine and reach the infective stage in 3-5 days.
The larvae are susceptible to temperature extremes, desiccation, and sunlight. Infection
is by skin penetration or ingestion of the infective larvae (earthworms may serve as
paratenic hosts). Liver migration for 3-9 mo. Larvae then penetrate the capsule and
migrate through the peritoneal cavity to the perirenal area, ureters, kidney, and perirenal
fat. Occasionally, some larvae errantly migrate to other tissues and organs or to
developing fetuses.
✔✔Thelazia spp. - ✔✔Eyeworms of horses, cattle. Spread by muscid flies (intermediate
host)
