RST 230 CORE MAIN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SET
A+
✔✔conductive hearing loss - ✔✔-Outer ear or middle ear
-The most common cause of conductive hearing loss is blocked ear canals
Ex. Ear wax, barbie shoes
-Second cause = punctured ear canals
-Otosclerosis → softening and calcification of the three middle ear bones
✔✔sensorineural hearing loss - ✔✔-**most common type of hearing loss**, "nerve
deafness"
-Can be a result of aging, high childhood fevers, high levels of noise, viral infections
-Occur in cochlea and vestibular organs and nerve endings
-Damage of nerves from cochlea to brain
✔✔central hearing loss - ✔✔-Least common cause of hearing loss
-Damage to the hearing portions of the brain → temporal lobe
✔✔communication with people with hearing impairments - ✔✔-Lipreading
-Sign language
-Technological assistance
-Hearing aids -
Behind the ear hearing aids = strongest and cheapest
-In the ear hearing aids
-Used for moderate to severe losses
✔✔working with a sign language interpreter - ✔✔-Always look at and speak directly to
the person with a hearing impairment
-Always speak in the first person, do not say "tell him " or "ask her"
-Do not ask the interpreter to interpret select portions of what you said
-Make sure the person with a hearing impairment can clearly see both the interpreter
and the speaker
-Hand all materials to the person with a hearing impairment, not to the interpreter
, -Speak normally, rely on the interpreter to let you know if there is a need to slow down
or pause
-When giving visual handouts, allow time to review the printed materials either before or
after the explanation
✔✔autism - ✔✔Lack of eye contact
Need to follow routines
Speech is affected - speak loudly or not at all
A complex developmental disability that involves a number of specific communication,
social, and behavioral impairments
Common impairments
Causes
No known causes
One to one ratio - the higher the socio-economic status of parents, the higher the
incident of autism, 1 out of 68 kids
Older the father - higher likelihood of autism
7. Providing leisure services to people with autism
i. May get overwhelmed socially
ii. Adopt it to their interest
iii.Have a space that is quiet
✔✔intellectual disability/mental retardation - ✔✔Diagnosis
Old classification = based on IQ only,
mild: 50/55-70
moderate: 35/40-50/55
severe: 20/25-35/40
profound: below 20/25
new classification = based on the IQ, adaptive skills, and time of onset
- have to have impairment in at least two adaptive skill areas
(a) can you live independently
(b) basic transportation
(c) can you put sentences together
Levels of mental retardation / intellectual disability
i. Mild and severe, most cases are mild
3. Prevalence
i. 2.5% of the general population have M.R.
ii.Based on IQ only - about 3-5/1000 births
✔✔causes of intellectual disability / mental retardation - ✔✔Causes
Non-organic
Are not caused by external factors
No known medical cause of intellectual impairment
A+
✔✔conductive hearing loss - ✔✔-Outer ear or middle ear
-The most common cause of conductive hearing loss is blocked ear canals
Ex. Ear wax, barbie shoes
-Second cause = punctured ear canals
-Otosclerosis → softening and calcification of the three middle ear bones
✔✔sensorineural hearing loss - ✔✔-**most common type of hearing loss**, "nerve
deafness"
-Can be a result of aging, high childhood fevers, high levels of noise, viral infections
-Occur in cochlea and vestibular organs and nerve endings
-Damage of nerves from cochlea to brain
✔✔central hearing loss - ✔✔-Least common cause of hearing loss
-Damage to the hearing portions of the brain → temporal lobe
✔✔communication with people with hearing impairments - ✔✔-Lipreading
-Sign language
-Technological assistance
-Hearing aids -
Behind the ear hearing aids = strongest and cheapest
-In the ear hearing aids
-Used for moderate to severe losses
✔✔working with a sign language interpreter - ✔✔-Always look at and speak directly to
the person with a hearing impairment
-Always speak in the first person, do not say "tell him " or "ask her"
-Do not ask the interpreter to interpret select portions of what you said
-Make sure the person with a hearing impairment can clearly see both the interpreter
and the speaker
-Hand all materials to the person with a hearing impairment, not to the interpreter
, -Speak normally, rely on the interpreter to let you know if there is a need to slow down
or pause
-When giving visual handouts, allow time to review the printed materials either before or
after the explanation
✔✔autism - ✔✔Lack of eye contact
Need to follow routines
Speech is affected - speak loudly or not at all
A complex developmental disability that involves a number of specific communication,
social, and behavioral impairments
Common impairments
Causes
No known causes
One to one ratio - the higher the socio-economic status of parents, the higher the
incident of autism, 1 out of 68 kids
Older the father - higher likelihood of autism
7. Providing leisure services to people with autism
i. May get overwhelmed socially
ii. Adopt it to their interest
iii.Have a space that is quiet
✔✔intellectual disability/mental retardation - ✔✔Diagnosis
Old classification = based on IQ only,
mild: 50/55-70
moderate: 35/40-50/55
severe: 20/25-35/40
profound: below 20/25
new classification = based on the IQ, adaptive skills, and time of onset
- have to have impairment in at least two adaptive skill areas
(a) can you live independently
(b) basic transportation
(c) can you put sentences together
Levels of mental retardation / intellectual disability
i. Mild and severe, most cases are mild
3. Prevalence
i. 2.5% of the general population have M.R.
ii.Based on IQ only - about 3-5/1000 births
✔✔causes of intellectual disability / mental retardation - ✔✔Causes
Non-organic
Are not caused by external factors
No known medical cause of intellectual impairment
