RST 230 UPDATED TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔displacement/scapegoat theory - ✔✔inhibitions and sanctions of group life lead to
accumulation ofScapegoat theory frustration and aggression. Since frustrations cannot
always be expressed against actual sources of restraint, people displace their feelings
on other individuals who are not in the position to retaliate
✔✔authoritarian personally theory - ✔✔Prejudice is a form of psychopathology resulting
from personality theory orientations developed in childhood. Personality traits integral to
authoritarianism include: submission to authority, belief in severe punishment, cognitive
rigidity, lack of tolerance toward ambiguity, avoidance of reflection and speculation, rigid
and highly hierarchical organization of family relations, general hostility and distrust
✔✔** reword this definition categorization & stereotyping theory - ✔✔a process in which
an individual is identified as a Stereotyping member of an out group and treated as if the
characteristics of the out group applied to him personally. Categorization often leads to
stereotyping which can be a direct cause of prejudice acquisition
✔✔socialization & conformity theory - ✔✔Prejudice is attributed to sociocultural
learning. Children and Conformity theory adolescents acquire prejudice from their
parents, peers, teachers, and the mass media along with other norms and values
normative to their social environment.
✔✔perceived racial threat theory - ✔✔individuals develop prejudicial attitudes toward
people who theythreat theory perceive pose a threat to their economic, cultural, political
andand social position
✔✔contact theory - ✔✔Racism is a direct result of the lack of equal-status contacts
between members of two distinct groups. Spatial and psychological isolation of
ethnic/racial groups fuels development of mutual misconceptions and creation of racial
stereotypes that further restrict the opportunity for future contacts between groups
, ✔✔value systems / cultural norms and ideologies - ✔✔A. Racist beliefs are an integral
part of the American value system. The ideas of white supremacy, propriety claim and
racial superiority are still common among a significant part of the American white
population.These values are properties of social systems. Individuals derive their values
from ruling ideologies (e.g. regional subculture in the South).
B. Racism is a divergence from the American value system. It is an attribute of
individuals whose particularistic interests make them unable to live upto the standards
of the American Creed and implement them in practice
✔✔realistic conflict theory - ✔✔subordinate group constitutes a real and tangible threat
to the dominantgroup's practices and to the resources that it controls.
Prejudiceoriginates from a direct competition between the dominant and
subordinategroups for control over scarce resources.
✔✔segregation - ✔✔Separation or isolation of a group or an of a group or an individual
in a restricted area by discriminatory means.individual in a restricted area by
discriminatory means. Segregation results in members of the group, or an individual,
receiving treatment that is different from other people (Datillo, 1999)
✔✔stigma - ✔✔undesired differentness which separates the person from others in a
society
✔✔deviancy - ✔✔if he or she is perceived to be significantly different from others in
some important characteristic and if this difference is negatively used
✔✔internalized oppression - ✔✔occurs when an individual comes to accept the
stereotypical beliefs as truths and acts upon them
✔✔spread phenomenon - ✔✔association of additional "imperfection" to a person on the
basis of the actual "disabling" condition
✔✔over-exaggeration assumption - ✔✔overestimating of the extent to which a person's
condition affects his or her life
✔✔architerctural barrier act of 1968 - ✔✔states that all buildings and facilities that have
been built in whole, or partially with federal funds must be accessible
✔✔rehabilitation act of 1973 - ✔✔provides funds for vocational rehabilitation og people
with disabilities
✔✔section 504/ non-discrimination section - ✔✔first act that prohibits discrimination of
people with disabilities in federally funded programs
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔displacement/scapegoat theory - ✔✔inhibitions and sanctions of group life lead to
accumulation ofScapegoat theory frustration and aggression. Since frustrations cannot
always be expressed against actual sources of restraint, people displace their feelings
on other individuals who are not in the position to retaliate
✔✔authoritarian personally theory - ✔✔Prejudice is a form of psychopathology resulting
from personality theory orientations developed in childhood. Personality traits integral to
authoritarianism include: submission to authority, belief in severe punishment, cognitive
rigidity, lack of tolerance toward ambiguity, avoidance of reflection and speculation, rigid
and highly hierarchical organization of family relations, general hostility and distrust
✔✔** reword this definition categorization & stereotyping theory - ✔✔a process in which
an individual is identified as a Stereotyping member of an out group and treated as if the
characteristics of the out group applied to him personally. Categorization often leads to
stereotyping which can be a direct cause of prejudice acquisition
✔✔socialization & conformity theory - ✔✔Prejudice is attributed to sociocultural
learning. Children and Conformity theory adolescents acquire prejudice from their
parents, peers, teachers, and the mass media along with other norms and values
normative to their social environment.
✔✔perceived racial threat theory - ✔✔individuals develop prejudicial attitudes toward
people who theythreat theory perceive pose a threat to their economic, cultural, political
andand social position
✔✔contact theory - ✔✔Racism is a direct result of the lack of equal-status contacts
between members of two distinct groups. Spatial and psychological isolation of
ethnic/racial groups fuels development of mutual misconceptions and creation of racial
stereotypes that further restrict the opportunity for future contacts between groups
, ✔✔value systems / cultural norms and ideologies - ✔✔A. Racist beliefs are an integral
part of the American value system. The ideas of white supremacy, propriety claim and
racial superiority are still common among a significant part of the American white
population.These values are properties of social systems. Individuals derive their values
from ruling ideologies (e.g. regional subculture in the South).
B. Racism is a divergence from the American value system. It is an attribute of
individuals whose particularistic interests make them unable to live upto the standards
of the American Creed and implement them in practice
✔✔realistic conflict theory - ✔✔subordinate group constitutes a real and tangible threat
to the dominantgroup's practices and to the resources that it controls.
Prejudiceoriginates from a direct competition between the dominant and
subordinategroups for control over scarce resources.
✔✔segregation - ✔✔Separation or isolation of a group or an of a group or an individual
in a restricted area by discriminatory means.individual in a restricted area by
discriminatory means. Segregation results in members of the group, or an individual,
receiving treatment that is different from other people (Datillo, 1999)
✔✔stigma - ✔✔undesired differentness which separates the person from others in a
society
✔✔deviancy - ✔✔if he or she is perceived to be significantly different from others in
some important characteristic and if this difference is negatively used
✔✔internalized oppression - ✔✔occurs when an individual comes to accept the
stereotypical beliefs as truths and acts upon them
✔✔spread phenomenon - ✔✔association of additional "imperfection" to a person on the
basis of the actual "disabling" condition
✔✔over-exaggeration assumption - ✔✔overestimating of the extent to which a person's
condition affects his or her life
✔✔architerctural barrier act of 1968 - ✔✔states that all buildings and facilities that have
been built in whole, or partially with federal funds must be accessible
✔✔rehabilitation act of 1973 - ✔✔provides funds for vocational rehabilitation og people
with disabilities
✔✔section 504/ non-discrimination section - ✔✔first act that prohibits discrimination of
people with disabilities in federally funded programs
