ENDOCRINE AND METABOLISM STUDY
GUIDE | COMPLETE EXAM PREP, PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
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,What steroid hormone does Adipose Tissue release? Estrogen
What steroid hormone does Skin release? Vitamin D3
What are seven examples of peptide hormones? CRH, ACTH, TRH, GHRH, TSH, insulin, glucagon
What is the precursor to ACTH? proopiomelanocortin (POMC)
What is the chemical classification of hormones that are Amines
derived from tyrosine or tryptophan?
What is the chemical classification of hormones that are Steroids (ex. cortisol and estrogen)
derived from cholesterol?
How are peptide hormones classified chemically? as short chains of amino acids
What form are water-soluble hormones transported in the in their free form
blood?
What is the role of carrier proteins for protein-bound Hydrophobic hormones need carrier proteins to be transported in the blood, as they are
hormones? not soluble in water
What are three examples of protein bound hormones? Thyroid hormone, cortisol, IGF
Why is the pool of protein-bound hormones important in the Serves as a reservoir, reducing hormone fluctuations by maintaining a balance between
blood? free (active) and bound (inactive) forms.
How does protein binding affect hormone half-life? increases a hormone's half-life
How does T3 half life compare to T4 half life? T3 has a short half-life, while T4 has a long half-life due to binding to carrier proteins
Where are hormone-binding proteins like CBG, TBG, and Liver
IGFBP produced?
What is the difference between free and bound forms of Free form hormones are the active form, while bound hormones are inactive.
hormones?
, What is the role of hormone receptors? mediate the effects of a hormone at the cellular level, allowing the hormone to exert its
function
What are two examples of Cell Surface receptors? GPCR and RTK
What do cell surface receptors do? Rapidly activate intracellular signal transduction pathways to cause cellular effects.
What are two nuclear hormone receptors? Glucocorticoid receptor
Thyroid hormone receptor
What do nuclear hormone receptors do? Relatively slowly activate intracellular signal transduction pathways to cause cellular
effects.
Give an example of a hormone that acts through a receptor Insulin
tyrosine kinase.
Give four examples of hormones that acts through a GPCR. CRH, ACTH, FSH, TRH
What do intracellular hormone receptors do? regulate gene transcription to produce effects within the cell.
What are four examples of intracellular hormone receptors? Glucocorticoid Receptor (cortisol, testosterone), TR (thyroid hormone), VDR (vitamin D3),
and ER (estrogen)
What is complementary action in hormones? Provide an When two hormones work together to produce a combined effect.
example.
Example: Cortisol (slow) and epinephrine (fast) work together to manage stress.
What is antagonism between hormones? Provide an example. When two hormones have opposing effects on the body.
Example: Insulin and glucagon have opposite effects on blood sugar regulation.
What does permissiveness mean in hormone interactions? When the presence of one hormone is required for another hormone to exert its full
Provide an example. biological effect.
Example: thyroid hormone and epinephrine, where thyroid hormone is required for
epinephrine to exert its full effect
GUIDE | COMPLETE EXAM PREP, PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
| GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep
,What steroid hormone does Adipose Tissue release? Estrogen
What steroid hormone does Skin release? Vitamin D3
What are seven examples of peptide hormones? CRH, ACTH, TRH, GHRH, TSH, insulin, glucagon
What is the precursor to ACTH? proopiomelanocortin (POMC)
What is the chemical classification of hormones that are Amines
derived from tyrosine or tryptophan?
What is the chemical classification of hormones that are Steroids (ex. cortisol and estrogen)
derived from cholesterol?
How are peptide hormones classified chemically? as short chains of amino acids
What form are water-soluble hormones transported in the in their free form
blood?
What is the role of carrier proteins for protein-bound Hydrophobic hormones need carrier proteins to be transported in the blood, as they are
hormones? not soluble in water
What are three examples of protein bound hormones? Thyroid hormone, cortisol, IGF
Why is the pool of protein-bound hormones important in the Serves as a reservoir, reducing hormone fluctuations by maintaining a balance between
blood? free (active) and bound (inactive) forms.
How does protein binding affect hormone half-life? increases a hormone's half-life
How does T3 half life compare to T4 half life? T3 has a short half-life, while T4 has a long half-life due to binding to carrier proteins
Where are hormone-binding proteins like CBG, TBG, and Liver
IGFBP produced?
What is the difference between free and bound forms of Free form hormones are the active form, while bound hormones are inactive.
hormones?
, What is the role of hormone receptors? mediate the effects of a hormone at the cellular level, allowing the hormone to exert its
function
What are two examples of Cell Surface receptors? GPCR and RTK
What do cell surface receptors do? Rapidly activate intracellular signal transduction pathways to cause cellular effects.
What are two nuclear hormone receptors? Glucocorticoid receptor
Thyroid hormone receptor
What do nuclear hormone receptors do? Relatively slowly activate intracellular signal transduction pathways to cause cellular
effects.
Give an example of a hormone that acts through a receptor Insulin
tyrosine kinase.
Give four examples of hormones that acts through a GPCR. CRH, ACTH, FSH, TRH
What do intracellular hormone receptors do? regulate gene transcription to produce effects within the cell.
What are four examples of intracellular hormone receptors? Glucocorticoid Receptor (cortisol, testosterone), TR (thyroid hormone), VDR (vitamin D3),
and ER (estrogen)
What is complementary action in hormones? Provide an When two hormones work together to produce a combined effect.
example.
Example: Cortisol (slow) and epinephrine (fast) work together to manage stress.
What is antagonism between hormones? Provide an example. When two hormones have opposing effects on the body.
Example: Insulin and glucagon have opposite effects on blood sugar regulation.
What does permissiveness mean in hormone interactions? When the presence of one hormone is required for another hormone to exert its full
Provide an example. biological effect.
Example: thyroid hormone and epinephrine, where thyroid hormone is required for
epinephrine to exert its full effect
