NU 578 - Unit 2 with
questions and well verified
answers actual exam!!!
2026
Opioids Drugs - ANSWER -Drugs:
Opioids - MOA - ANSWER -- Bind to "opiate receptors" in the brain, which disrupts the
transmission of pain signals in the CNS.
Opioids - Uses - ANSWER -- Pain relief
- Cough suppression
- Relief of dyspnea
- Preoperative sedation
Opioids - Side Effects - ANSWER -Hypotension
sedation
nausea
itching
miosis
muscle weakness
constipation
Urinary Retention
Biliary Colic
,Increased ICP
Treatment of Opioid- Induced Constipation - ANSWER -methylnaltrexone (Relistor)
naloxegol (Movantik)
Blocks opioid receptors in the GI tract
* Does not cross blood-brain barrier, so does not reverse analgesia
- Mimic actions of endogenous opiates
(endorphins, enkephalins, dynorphins).
- Primarily activate mu receptors, but also activate Kappa
Opioids - Effect - ANSWER -* Relieve pain & induce euphoria
Also cause sedation, respiratory depression, miosis, constipation, nausea, & suppress the
cough reflex.
Opioids - Drug Interactions - ANSWER -CNS depressants!
Anticholinergics
Drugs that lower BP
Opioids - Contraindications/Warnings - ANSWER -Decreased respiratory reserve
Labor and delivery
Inflammatory Bowel disease
Head Injury
Opioids - Patient Educaiton - ANSWER -
, Opioid toxicity - ANSWER -3 signs:
- coma
- pinpoint pupils
- respiratory depression - may be fatal!
Tolerance - ANSWER -a state in which a drug user needs larger amounts of the drug to
produce the same effect on the body
Physical Dependence - ANSWER -A state in which an abstinence syndrome will occur if
drug use is abruptly stopped
Abuse - ANSWER -drug use that is inconsistent with medical or social norms
Addiction - ANSWER -disease characterized by and individual pathologically pursuing
rewards and relief by substance use and other behaviors
Full opioid agonists - ANSWER -- Good for severe pain
- May give a feeling of euphoria
Example: Morphin, codeine, hydromorphone
Partial opioid agonists (Agonist-antagonist) - ANSWER -- Good for moderate pain
- May act as antagonists at some receptors and
precipitate withdrawal.
Example: pentazocine, Suboxone, buprenorphine, nalbuphine
Partial opioid agonists (Agonist-antagonist) Drugs: - ANSWER -Pentazocine
Suboxone
Buprenorphine
Nalbuphine
questions and well verified
answers actual exam!!!
2026
Opioids Drugs - ANSWER -Drugs:
Opioids - MOA - ANSWER -- Bind to "opiate receptors" in the brain, which disrupts the
transmission of pain signals in the CNS.
Opioids - Uses - ANSWER -- Pain relief
- Cough suppression
- Relief of dyspnea
- Preoperative sedation
Opioids - Side Effects - ANSWER -Hypotension
sedation
nausea
itching
miosis
muscle weakness
constipation
Urinary Retention
Biliary Colic
,Increased ICP
Treatment of Opioid- Induced Constipation - ANSWER -methylnaltrexone (Relistor)
naloxegol (Movantik)
Blocks opioid receptors in the GI tract
* Does not cross blood-brain barrier, so does not reverse analgesia
- Mimic actions of endogenous opiates
(endorphins, enkephalins, dynorphins).
- Primarily activate mu receptors, but also activate Kappa
Opioids - Effect - ANSWER -* Relieve pain & induce euphoria
Also cause sedation, respiratory depression, miosis, constipation, nausea, & suppress the
cough reflex.
Opioids - Drug Interactions - ANSWER -CNS depressants!
Anticholinergics
Drugs that lower BP
Opioids - Contraindications/Warnings - ANSWER -Decreased respiratory reserve
Labor and delivery
Inflammatory Bowel disease
Head Injury
Opioids - Patient Educaiton - ANSWER -
, Opioid toxicity - ANSWER -3 signs:
- coma
- pinpoint pupils
- respiratory depression - may be fatal!
Tolerance - ANSWER -a state in which a drug user needs larger amounts of the drug to
produce the same effect on the body
Physical Dependence - ANSWER -A state in which an abstinence syndrome will occur if
drug use is abruptly stopped
Abuse - ANSWER -drug use that is inconsistent with medical or social norms
Addiction - ANSWER -disease characterized by and individual pathologically pursuing
rewards and relief by substance use and other behaviors
Full opioid agonists - ANSWER -- Good for severe pain
- May give a feeling of euphoria
Example: Morphin, codeine, hydromorphone
Partial opioid agonists (Agonist-antagonist) - ANSWER -- Good for moderate pain
- May act as antagonists at some receptors and
precipitate withdrawal.
Example: pentazocine, Suboxone, buprenorphine, nalbuphine
Partial opioid agonists (Agonist-antagonist) Drugs: - ANSWER -Pentazocine
Suboxone
Buprenorphine
Nalbuphine
