CM 3111 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
ANSWERS
Rough Grading Excavation - Answers - This type of excavation involves bringing the
site close to its final grade.
General or Mass Excavation - Answers - This type of excavation involves the removal of
large quantities of dirt for portions of the building (such as basements) or for road cuts
Special Excavation - Answers - This type of excavation involves removing small
quantities of dirt often by hand.
Soil Borings - Answers - A boring made on the site in the general location of the
proposed building to determine soil type, depth of the various types of soils and water
table level.
27 cf - Answers - How many cf make up 1 yard?
100 lbs/cf - Answers - How much does soil typically weigh per cf?
150lbs/cf - Answers - How much does rock typically weigh per cf?
Bank Cubic Yards (BCY) - Answers - Material in its natural state is referred to as
_________ material.
Bank - Answers - When ________ materials are excavated, the earth and rocks are
disturbed and begin to swell.
Swell - Answers - The expansion of soil assuming a larger volume after excavation; This
is generally expressed as a percentage gained above the original volume.
Loose - Answers - When __________ materials are placed and compacted on a project.
It will often occupy less volume than in its Bank condition. This reduction is referred to
as shrinkage.
Shrinkage - Answers - The compression of soil being compacted into a smaller form
than when it was loose. This is expressed as a percentage of the undisturbed original or
bank volume.
Loose Cubic Yards (LCY) - Answers - Excavated material that is uncompacted and is
usually used as the fill on projects.
, Compacted Cubic Yards (CCY) - Answers - Materials that have been placed and have
been compressed.
Trucks or Tractor-Pulled Wagons - Answers - If material must be hauled some distance,
either as the excavated material hauled out or as the fill material hauled in, what
equipment may be required?
Front-End Loader and Bulldozer - Answers - What type of equipment is often used in
shallow excavations, provided the soil excavated near the area, and should not be used
to travel over 100 ft in one direction?
Backhoe - Answers - What type of equipment is used for digging basements, trenches
for strip footings, and utilities and for excavating individual pier footings, manholes,
catch basins, and septic tanks?
Power Shovel - Answers - What type of equipment is used in large excavations as an
economical method of excavating and loading the trucks quickly and efficiently?
Tractor-hauled and Self-Propelled Scrapers - Answers - What type of equipment is used
for the cutting and filling requirements on large-sized grading projects?
Cutting - Answers - This type of Earthwork consists of bringing the ground to a lower
level by removing earth.
Filling - Answers - This type of Earthwork consists of bringing soil in to build the land to
a higher elevation.
Cross-Section Method - Answers - This method entails dividing the site into a grid and
then determining the cut or fill for each of the grids. If the changes in elevation are
substantial, the grid should be small.
Average End Area Method - Answers - This method of quantifying cut and fill is often
used when dealing with long, narrow tracts, such as roads.
General (Mass) Excavation - Answers - This type of excavation involves the removal of
all types of soil that can be handled in fairly large quantities.
Special Excavation - Answers - This is any excavation that requires special equipment
to be used for a particular portion other than general excavation may be included.
These are usually the portions of work that require hand excavation.
Backfilling - Answers - This is the putting back of the excess soil that was removed from
around the building during the general excavation.
Finish Grade - Answers - This is created by placing topsoil over the rough grade.
ANSWERS
Rough Grading Excavation - Answers - This type of excavation involves bringing the
site close to its final grade.
General or Mass Excavation - Answers - This type of excavation involves the removal of
large quantities of dirt for portions of the building (such as basements) or for road cuts
Special Excavation - Answers - This type of excavation involves removing small
quantities of dirt often by hand.
Soil Borings - Answers - A boring made on the site in the general location of the
proposed building to determine soil type, depth of the various types of soils and water
table level.
27 cf - Answers - How many cf make up 1 yard?
100 lbs/cf - Answers - How much does soil typically weigh per cf?
150lbs/cf - Answers - How much does rock typically weigh per cf?
Bank Cubic Yards (BCY) - Answers - Material in its natural state is referred to as
_________ material.
Bank - Answers - When ________ materials are excavated, the earth and rocks are
disturbed and begin to swell.
Swell - Answers - The expansion of soil assuming a larger volume after excavation; This
is generally expressed as a percentage gained above the original volume.
Loose - Answers - When __________ materials are placed and compacted on a project.
It will often occupy less volume than in its Bank condition. This reduction is referred to
as shrinkage.
Shrinkage - Answers - The compression of soil being compacted into a smaller form
than when it was loose. This is expressed as a percentage of the undisturbed original or
bank volume.
Loose Cubic Yards (LCY) - Answers - Excavated material that is uncompacted and is
usually used as the fill on projects.
, Compacted Cubic Yards (CCY) - Answers - Materials that have been placed and have
been compressed.
Trucks or Tractor-Pulled Wagons - Answers - If material must be hauled some distance,
either as the excavated material hauled out or as the fill material hauled in, what
equipment may be required?
Front-End Loader and Bulldozer - Answers - What type of equipment is often used in
shallow excavations, provided the soil excavated near the area, and should not be used
to travel over 100 ft in one direction?
Backhoe - Answers - What type of equipment is used for digging basements, trenches
for strip footings, and utilities and for excavating individual pier footings, manholes,
catch basins, and septic tanks?
Power Shovel - Answers - What type of equipment is used in large excavations as an
economical method of excavating and loading the trucks quickly and efficiently?
Tractor-hauled and Self-Propelled Scrapers - Answers - What type of equipment is used
for the cutting and filling requirements on large-sized grading projects?
Cutting - Answers - This type of Earthwork consists of bringing the ground to a lower
level by removing earth.
Filling - Answers - This type of Earthwork consists of bringing soil in to build the land to
a higher elevation.
Cross-Section Method - Answers - This method entails dividing the site into a grid and
then determining the cut or fill for each of the grids. If the changes in elevation are
substantial, the grid should be small.
Average End Area Method - Answers - This method of quantifying cut and fill is often
used when dealing with long, narrow tracts, such as roads.
General (Mass) Excavation - Answers - This type of excavation involves the removal of
all types of soil that can be handled in fairly large quantities.
Special Excavation - Answers - This is any excavation that requires special equipment
to be used for a particular portion other than general excavation may be included.
These are usually the portions of work that require hand excavation.
Backfilling - Answers - This is the putting back of the excess soil that was removed from
around the building during the general excavation.
Finish Grade - Answers - This is created by placing topsoil over the rough grade.
