BIOS 242
Week 8
PRACTICE EXAM (2026)
200 ORIGINAL PRACTICE QUESTIONS,
,BIOS 242 Week 8 Final Exam (2026) Human Anatomy & Physiology II
1. Which antibody is the first to appear during a primary immune response?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgM
D. IgE
Answer: C. IgM
Rationale: IgM is produced first during the body's initial exposure to an antigen before class
switching produces IgG.
2. Which cells produce antibodies?
A. Cytotoxic T cells
B. Plasma cells
C. Macrophages
D. Neutrophils
Answer: B. Plasma cells
Rationale: Activated B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells, which secrete antibodies.
3. Which type of immunity results from receiving a vaccine?
A. Natural passive immunity
B. Artificial active immunity
C. Artificial passive immunity
D. Natural active immunity
Answer: B. Artificial active immunity
Rationale: Vaccines stimulate the body's immune system to produce its own immune
response.
4. Which leukocyte is most abundant in normal blood?
A. Basophils
B. Eosinophils
C. Neutrophils
D. Monocytes
Answer: C. Neutrophils
,Rationale: Neutrophils account for approximately 50–70% of circulating white blood cells.
5. Which hormone primarily stimulates red blood cell production?
A. Calcitonin
B. Aldosterone
C. Erythropoietin
D. ADH
Answer: C. Erythropoietin
Rationale: Erythropoietin, produced mainly by the kidneys, stimulates erythropoiesis in bone
marrow.
6. The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in the:
A. Left ventricle
B. Right atrium
C. Left atrium
D. Interventricular septum
Answer: B. Right atrium
Rationale: The SA node is the heart's natural pacemaker.
7. Which valve prevents backflow into the left atrium?
A. Tricuspid valve
B. Pulmonary valve
C. Mitral valve
D. Aortic valve
Answer: C. Mitral valve
Rationale: The mitral (bicuspid) valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle.
8. Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs?
A. Pulmonary artery
B. Superior vena cava
C. Pulmonary vein
, D. Coronary sinus
Answer: C. Pulmonary vein
Rationale: Pulmonary veins return oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium.
9. Which chamber pumps blood into systemic circulation?
A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
C. Left atrium
D. Left ventricle
Answer: D. Left ventricle
Rationale: The left ventricle generates the highest pressure to supply the body.
10. Which blood type is considered the universal donor for red blood cells?
A. A+
B. O−
C. AB+
D. B−
Answer: B. O−
Rationale: O-negative blood lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, reducing the risk of transfusion
reactions.
11. Gas exchange occurs primarily in the:
A. Bronchi
B. Trachea
C. Alveoli
D. Bronchioles
Answer: C. Alveoli
Rationale: Thin alveolar walls allow diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
12. Which muscle is the primary muscle of inspiration?
Week 8
PRACTICE EXAM (2026)
200 ORIGINAL PRACTICE QUESTIONS,
,BIOS 242 Week 8 Final Exam (2026) Human Anatomy & Physiology II
1. Which antibody is the first to appear during a primary immune response?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgM
D. IgE
Answer: C. IgM
Rationale: IgM is produced first during the body's initial exposure to an antigen before class
switching produces IgG.
2. Which cells produce antibodies?
A. Cytotoxic T cells
B. Plasma cells
C. Macrophages
D. Neutrophils
Answer: B. Plasma cells
Rationale: Activated B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells, which secrete antibodies.
3. Which type of immunity results from receiving a vaccine?
A. Natural passive immunity
B. Artificial active immunity
C. Artificial passive immunity
D. Natural active immunity
Answer: B. Artificial active immunity
Rationale: Vaccines stimulate the body's immune system to produce its own immune
response.
4. Which leukocyte is most abundant in normal blood?
A. Basophils
B. Eosinophils
C. Neutrophils
D. Monocytes
Answer: C. Neutrophils
,Rationale: Neutrophils account for approximately 50–70% of circulating white blood cells.
5. Which hormone primarily stimulates red blood cell production?
A. Calcitonin
B. Aldosterone
C. Erythropoietin
D. ADH
Answer: C. Erythropoietin
Rationale: Erythropoietin, produced mainly by the kidneys, stimulates erythropoiesis in bone
marrow.
6. The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in the:
A. Left ventricle
B. Right atrium
C. Left atrium
D. Interventricular septum
Answer: B. Right atrium
Rationale: The SA node is the heart's natural pacemaker.
7. Which valve prevents backflow into the left atrium?
A. Tricuspid valve
B. Pulmonary valve
C. Mitral valve
D. Aortic valve
Answer: C. Mitral valve
Rationale: The mitral (bicuspid) valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle.
8. Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs?
A. Pulmonary artery
B. Superior vena cava
C. Pulmonary vein
, D. Coronary sinus
Answer: C. Pulmonary vein
Rationale: Pulmonary veins return oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium.
9. Which chamber pumps blood into systemic circulation?
A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
C. Left atrium
D. Left ventricle
Answer: D. Left ventricle
Rationale: The left ventricle generates the highest pressure to supply the body.
10. Which blood type is considered the universal donor for red blood cells?
A. A+
B. O−
C. AB+
D. B−
Answer: B. O−
Rationale: O-negative blood lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, reducing the risk of transfusion
reactions.
11. Gas exchange occurs primarily in the:
A. Bronchi
B. Trachea
C. Alveoli
D. Bronchioles
Answer: C. Alveoli
Rationale: Thin alveolar walls allow diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
12. Which muscle is the primary muscle of inspiration?
