NUR 647 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | COMPLETE ADVANCED
NURSING EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
2 - ANS ✔✔Proteinuria: • If excretion rate of protein is more than - g in 24 hours a glomerular cause is
most likely
3.0 to 3.5 g/day - ANS ✔✔---g/day protein excretion is indicative of nephrotic syndrome; refer to
nephrologist
multiple myeloma - ANS ✔✔Order a Bence Jones Protein for patients with proteinurea, this is associated
with
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) agents ('prils) - ANS ✔✔--agents found to reduce proteinuria by
decreasing inter-glomerular pressure
Complicated: Proteus mirabalis, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia & Pseudomonas, fungi/yeast, staph
from stones
Uncomplicated: E. coli - ANS ✔✔what pathogens are in complicated vs uncomplicated UTIs?
1.) WBCs --Pyuria- presences of WBCs (>10,000),
2.) Alkaline pH
3.) Hematuria
4.) Elevated Nitrates** (indicated enterobacter)
5.) Leukocyte esterase** - ANS ✔✔what will urinalysis of UTI reveal?
Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) 100 mg PO BID for 7 days (first line & first line for pregnant)
TMP-SMX (Bactrim DS) BID for 3-7 days or - ANS ✔✔Simple UTI Female:
First line:
1.) Fosfomycin (Monurol) 3grams of powder mixed in water all at once
2.) Ciprofloxacin 500mg PO BID (7 day course)
3.) Levofloacin 750mg PO QD (5 day course)
4.) TMP-SMX (Bactrim DS) BID for 7 days indicated - ANS ✔✔UTI in males treatment: (4)
10-14 - ANS ✔✔Complicated UTIs require -- day treatment
Nitrofurantoin
ampicillin 500 mg PO QID
cephalexin 500 mg PO QID - ANS ✔✔Pregnant females UTI tx: (3)
CT w/ contrast (do not give contrast if diminished kidney fx)
-also get urinalysis & urine culture - ANS ✔✔diagnostic of choice for pyelonephritis
, 1.) First line : Ciprofloxacin 500 mg PO BID for 7 days or Levofloxacin (Levaquin) 750 mg PO daily for 5
days
2.) Referral to hospital necessary in toxic patients, unable to keep fluids down, dehydrated, elderly or
pregnant - ANS ✔✔Pyelonephritis Management (for mild cases)
IV fluids
7-10 days for mild to moderate cases (14 days for severe)
IV Cipro, levofloxacin, pirapizillin-tezobactam (Zosyn), ceftriaxone (Rocephin), carbapenems all used in
hospital setting for pyelonephritis - ANS ✔✔Pyelonephritis in hospital management
calcium salts
struvite
uric acid
cystine - ANS ✔✔different types of kidney stones (4)
Struvite - ANS ✔✔what type of stones?
-Found predominantly in women
-Associated with UTI
Occur when urine is alkaline, and a urea-splitting organism is present
Uric Acid Stones - ANS ✔✔stones from: ineffective elimination, acidic urinary pH, regional enteritis,
hereditary factors, or ulcerative colitis
Cystine stones - ANS ✔✔stones created because of rare autosomal recessive disorder
Diets high in salt, animal fat, animal proteins, oxalate from green, leafy vegetables - ANS ✔✔renal stone
forming foods
CT scan WITHOUT contrast - ANS ✔✔gold standard diagnostic of kidney stones
blood - ANS ✔✔Diagnosis of renal stones is confirmed by urinalysis that is positive for -- & renal
visualization by radiography or ultrasound
5 - ANS ✔✔Stones likely to pass if less than --mm
-NSAIDs 600-800 g three times a day (relax smooth muscle)
-Oral narcotics are often necessary - ANS ✔✔Pain management (priority) for kidney stones
Alpha 1 blockers- tamsulosin (Flomax) - ANS ✔✔What med is good to help kidney stones pass
oxalate rich foods like beats, black tea, chocolate, lamb, nuts, spinach, eliminate milk & cola products &
purine rich foods organ meats etc)
PROMOTE vitamin B6 & magnesium intake as both decrease oxaluria by facilitating oxalate metabolism -
ANS ✔✔diets to avoid in renal stones
3 months - ANS ✔✔Acute renal failure (ARF) / Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) developes in less than--
NURSING EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
2 - ANS ✔✔Proteinuria: • If excretion rate of protein is more than - g in 24 hours a glomerular cause is
most likely
3.0 to 3.5 g/day - ANS ✔✔---g/day protein excretion is indicative of nephrotic syndrome; refer to
nephrologist
multiple myeloma - ANS ✔✔Order a Bence Jones Protein for patients with proteinurea, this is associated
with
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) agents ('prils) - ANS ✔✔--agents found to reduce proteinuria by
decreasing inter-glomerular pressure
Complicated: Proteus mirabalis, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia & Pseudomonas, fungi/yeast, staph
from stones
Uncomplicated: E. coli - ANS ✔✔what pathogens are in complicated vs uncomplicated UTIs?
1.) WBCs --Pyuria- presences of WBCs (>10,000),
2.) Alkaline pH
3.) Hematuria
4.) Elevated Nitrates** (indicated enterobacter)
5.) Leukocyte esterase** - ANS ✔✔what will urinalysis of UTI reveal?
Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) 100 mg PO BID for 7 days (first line & first line for pregnant)
TMP-SMX (Bactrim DS) BID for 3-7 days or - ANS ✔✔Simple UTI Female:
First line:
1.) Fosfomycin (Monurol) 3grams of powder mixed in water all at once
2.) Ciprofloxacin 500mg PO BID (7 day course)
3.) Levofloacin 750mg PO QD (5 day course)
4.) TMP-SMX (Bactrim DS) BID for 7 days indicated - ANS ✔✔UTI in males treatment: (4)
10-14 - ANS ✔✔Complicated UTIs require -- day treatment
Nitrofurantoin
ampicillin 500 mg PO QID
cephalexin 500 mg PO QID - ANS ✔✔Pregnant females UTI tx: (3)
CT w/ contrast (do not give contrast if diminished kidney fx)
-also get urinalysis & urine culture - ANS ✔✔diagnostic of choice for pyelonephritis
, 1.) First line : Ciprofloxacin 500 mg PO BID for 7 days or Levofloxacin (Levaquin) 750 mg PO daily for 5
days
2.) Referral to hospital necessary in toxic patients, unable to keep fluids down, dehydrated, elderly or
pregnant - ANS ✔✔Pyelonephritis Management (for mild cases)
IV fluids
7-10 days for mild to moderate cases (14 days for severe)
IV Cipro, levofloxacin, pirapizillin-tezobactam (Zosyn), ceftriaxone (Rocephin), carbapenems all used in
hospital setting for pyelonephritis - ANS ✔✔Pyelonephritis in hospital management
calcium salts
struvite
uric acid
cystine - ANS ✔✔different types of kidney stones (4)
Struvite - ANS ✔✔what type of stones?
-Found predominantly in women
-Associated with UTI
Occur when urine is alkaline, and a urea-splitting organism is present
Uric Acid Stones - ANS ✔✔stones from: ineffective elimination, acidic urinary pH, regional enteritis,
hereditary factors, or ulcerative colitis
Cystine stones - ANS ✔✔stones created because of rare autosomal recessive disorder
Diets high in salt, animal fat, animal proteins, oxalate from green, leafy vegetables - ANS ✔✔renal stone
forming foods
CT scan WITHOUT contrast - ANS ✔✔gold standard diagnostic of kidney stones
blood - ANS ✔✔Diagnosis of renal stones is confirmed by urinalysis that is positive for -- & renal
visualization by radiography or ultrasound
5 - ANS ✔✔Stones likely to pass if less than --mm
-NSAIDs 600-800 g three times a day (relax smooth muscle)
-Oral narcotics are often necessary - ANS ✔✔Pain management (priority) for kidney stones
Alpha 1 blockers- tamsulosin (Flomax) - ANS ✔✔What med is good to help kidney stones pass
oxalate rich foods like beats, black tea, chocolate, lamb, nuts, spinach, eliminate milk & cola products &
purine rich foods organ meats etc)
PROMOTE vitamin B6 & magnesium intake as both decrease oxaluria by facilitating oxalate metabolism -
ANS ✔✔diets to avoid in renal stones
3 months - ANS ✔✔Acute renal failure (ARF) / Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) developes in less than--
