WGU D315 – Network and Security
Foundations Final Prep Exam (Latest
Update 2026/2027) Questions and
Verified Answers | 100% Correct |
Grade A.
1. Which networking device operates primarily at Layer 2 of the OSI
model and forwards traffic based on MAC addresses?
A. Router
B. Switch
C. Hub
D. Modem
Rationale: A switch operates at the Data Link layer (Layer 2) and uses
MAC addresses to determine where frames should be forwarded. Unlike
a hub, which broadcasts all traffic, a switch learns MAC addresses and
forwards frames only to the intended destination, improving
performance and reducing collisions.
2. Which OSI layer is responsible for routing packets between
different networks?
,A. Data Link
B. Transport
C. Network
D. Physical
Rationale: The Network layer (Layer 3) handles logical addressing and
routing. Devices such as routers use IP addresses at this layer to
determine the best path for packets traveling between different
networks.
3. Which protocol automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a
network?
A. DNS
B. FTP
C. DHCP
D. SNMP
Rationale: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) automatically
provides IP configuration information, including IP address, subnet
mask, default gateway, and DNS server addresses, eliminating the need
for manual configuration.
4. Which protocol translates domain names into IP addresses?
A. HTTP
B. SMTP
C. FTP
D. DNS
,Rationale: Domain Name System (DNS) resolves human-readable
domain names into numerical IP addresses, allowing users to access
websites without memorizing numeric addresses.
5. What is the default port number for HTTPS?
A. 20
B. 21
C. 80
D. 443
Rationale: HTTPS uses TCP port 443 to provide encrypted web
communication using SSL/TLS. This protects sensitive information
exchanged between clients and web servers.
6. Which cybersecurity principle ensures that data has not been
altered without authorization?
A. Availability
B. Integrity
C. Confidentiality
D. Authentication
Rationale: Integrity ensures that data remains accurate, complete, and
unchanged unless modified by authorized individuals or processes.
Hashing and digital signatures are common methods used to verify
integrity.
, 7. Which device separates two networks and determines the best
path for data transmission?
A. Access Point
B. Switch
C. Router
D. Hub
Rationale: Routers connect multiple networks and make forwarding
decisions based on IP addresses and routing tables. They enable
communication between local networks and external networks such as
the internet.
8. Which IPv4 address belongs to the private address space?
A. 8.8.8.8
B. 192.168.1.100
C. 172.40.5.1
D. 150.200.10.5
Rationale: The private IPv4 ranges include 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0–
172.31.255.255, and 192.168.0.0/16. Addresses within these ranges are
not routable on the public internet.
9. Which attack attempts to overwhelm a server with excessive
traffic to make it unavailable?
A. Phishing
B. Spoofing
Foundations Final Prep Exam (Latest
Update 2026/2027) Questions and
Verified Answers | 100% Correct |
Grade A.
1. Which networking device operates primarily at Layer 2 of the OSI
model and forwards traffic based on MAC addresses?
A. Router
B. Switch
C. Hub
D. Modem
Rationale: A switch operates at the Data Link layer (Layer 2) and uses
MAC addresses to determine where frames should be forwarded. Unlike
a hub, which broadcasts all traffic, a switch learns MAC addresses and
forwards frames only to the intended destination, improving
performance and reducing collisions.
2. Which OSI layer is responsible for routing packets between
different networks?
,A. Data Link
B. Transport
C. Network
D. Physical
Rationale: The Network layer (Layer 3) handles logical addressing and
routing. Devices such as routers use IP addresses at this layer to
determine the best path for packets traveling between different
networks.
3. Which protocol automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a
network?
A. DNS
B. FTP
C. DHCP
D. SNMP
Rationale: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) automatically
provides IP configuration information, including IP address, subnet
mask, default gateway, and DNS server addresses, eliminating the need
for manual configuration.
4. Which protocol translates domain names into IP addresses?
A. HTTP
B. SMTP
C. FTP
D. DNS
,Rationale: Domain Name System (DNS) resolves human-readable
domain names into numerical IP addresses, allowing users to access
websites without memorizing numeric addresses.
5. What is the default port number for HTTPS?
A. 20
B. 21
C. 80
D. 443
Rationale: HTTPS uses TCP port 443 to provide encrypted web
communication using SSL/TLS. This protects sensitive information
exchanged between clients and web servers.
6. Which cybersecurity principle ensures that data has not been
altered without authorization?
A. Availability
B. Integrity
C. Confidentiality
D. Authentication
Rationale: Integrity ensures that data remains accurate, complete, and
unchanged unless modified by authorized individuals or processes.
Hashing and digital signatures are common methods used to verify
integrity.
, 7. Which device separates two networks and determines the best
path for data transmission?
A. Access Point
B. Switch
C. Router
D. Hub
Rationale: Routers connect multiple networks and make forwarding
decisions based on IP addresses and routing tables. They enable
communication between local networks and external networks such as
the internet.
8. Which IPv4 address belongs to the private address space?
A. 8.8.8.8
B. 192.168.1.100
C. 172.40.5.1
D. 150.200.10.5
Rationale: The private IPv4 ranges include 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0–
172.31.255.255, and 192.168.0.0/16. Addresses within these ranges are
not routable on the public internet.
9. Which attack attempts to overwhelm a server with excessive
traffic to make it unavailable?
A. Phishing
B. Spoofing
