CLINICAL REASONING CASES IN NURSING
EXAMPREP VERIFIED COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PRACTICE
REVIEW
●● What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
Answer: It is a conceptualization of human needs arranged in a pyramid,
with basic needs at the bottom and higher-level needs at the top.
●● What are physiological needs in Maslow's Hierarchy?
Answer: They are the most basic needs, including food, oxygen, water,
sleep, sex, and a constant body temperature.
●● What needs emerge once physiological needs are met in Maslow's
Hierarchy?
Answer: Safety needs, which include security, protection, and freedom
from fear and chaos.
●● What are safety needs according to Maslow's Hierarchy?
Answer: They include the need for security, protection, and freedom
from fear, anxiety, and chaos.
,●● What needs are associated with belonging and love in Maslow's
Hierarchy?
Answer: The need for intimate relationships, love, affection, and
belonging.
●● What are esteem needs in Maslow's Hierarchy?
Answer: The need for high self-regard and recognition from others,
leading to feelings of confidence and value.
●● What is self-actualization in Maslow's Hierarchy?
Answer: The drive to realize one's full potential and become everything
one is capable of becoming.
●● Correct order of Maslow's Hierarchy (Bottom of pyramid to top)
Answer: 1. Physiological needs (food, water, sleep, etc.)
2. Safety needs (security, protection, stability)
3. Belongingness needs (love, affection, relationships)
4. Esteem needs (self-esteem, confidence, achievement)
5. Self-actualization needs (realizing one's full potential)
●● Erikson's Psychosocial Stages
Answer: 1. Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy)
2. Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (Early Childhood)
,3. Initiative vs. Guilt (Play Age)
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (School Age)
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence)
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adulthood)
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (Adulthood)
8. Ego Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood)
Each stage represents a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved to
develop a healthy personality and progress successfully to the next stage.
Erikson emphasized the importance of social experiences across the
entire lifespan in shaping personality development.
●● Peplau's Interpersonal Relations Theory
Answer: Basis for developing a therapeutic relationship with a patient
(especially useful for working with adult or child psychiatric patients).
The relationship has certain parameters that are a major part of the
treatment. The overlapping phases are orientation, identification,
exploitation, and resolution.
●● Peplau's Four Levels of Anxiety
Answer: Mild, Moderate, Severe, Panic
●● Mild
Answer: seldom a problem
, ●● moderate
Answer: perceptual field diminishes
●● severe
Answer: perceptual field is so diminished that concentration centers on
one detail only or on many extraneous details
●● Panic
Answer: the most intense state of anxiety
●● Define mental health
Answer: -The successful adaptation to stressors from the internal or
external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
that are age-appropriate and congruent with local and cultural norms.
-State of well-being in which individuals reach their own potential, cope
with the normal stresses of life, work productively, and contribute to the
community
●● Define mental illness
Answer: "Maladaptive responses to stressors from the internal or
external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
that are incongruent with the local and cultural norms and interfere with
the individual's social, occupational, or physical functioning."
EXAMPREP VERIFIED COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PRACTICE
REVIEW
●● What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
Answer: It is a conceptualization of human needs arranged in a pyramid,
with basic needs at the bottom and higher-level needs at the top.
●● What are physiological needs in Maslow's Hierarchy?
Answer: They are the most basic needs, including food, oxygen, water,
sleep, sex, and a constant body temperature.
●● What needs emerge once physiological needs are met in Maslow's
Hierarchy?
Answer: Safety needs, which include security, protection, and freedom
from fear and chaos.
●● What are safety needs according to Maslow's Hierarchy?
Answer: They include the need for security, protection, and freedom
from fear, anxiety, and chaos.
,●● What needs are associated with belonging and love in Maslow's
Hierarchy?
Answer: The need for intimate relationships, love, affection, and
belonging.
●● What are esteem needs in Maslow's Hierarchy?
Answer: The need for high self-regard and recognition from others,
leading to feelings of confidence and value.
●● What is self-actualization in Maslow's Hierarchy?
Answer: The drive to realize one's full potential and become everything
one is capable of becoming.
●● Correct order of Maslow's Hierarchy (Bottom of pyramid to top)
Answer: 1. Physiological needs (food, water, sleep, etc.)
2. Safety needs (security, protection, stability)
3. Belongingness needs (love, affection, relationships)
4. Esteem needs (self-esteem, confidence, achievement)
5. Self-actualization needs (realizing one's full potential)
●● Erikson's Psychosocial Stages
Answer: 1. Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy)
2. Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (Early Childhood)
,3. Initiative vs. Guilt (Play Age)
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (School Age)
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence)
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adulthood)
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (Adulthood)
8. Ego Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood)
Each stage represents a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved to
develop a healthy personality and progress successfully to the next stage.
Erikson emphasized the importance of social experiences across the
entire lifespan in shaping personality development.
●● Peplau's Interpersonal Relations Theory
Answer: Basis for developing a therapeutic relationship with a patient
(especially useful for working with adult or child psychiatric patients).
The relationship has certain parameters that are a major part of the
treatment. The overlapping phases are orientation, identification,
exploitation, and resolution.
●● Peplau's Four Levels of Anxiety
Answer: Mild, Moderate, Severe, Panic
●● Mild
Answer: seldom a problem
, ●● moderate
Answer: perceptual field diminishes
●● severe
Answer: perceptual field is so diminished that concentration centers on
one detail only or on many extraneous details
●● Panic
Answer: the most intense state of anxiety
●● Define mental health
Answer: -The successful adaptation to stressors from the internal or
external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
that are age-appropriate and congruent with local and cultural norms.
-State of well-being in which individuals reach their own potential, cope
with the normal stresses of life, work productively, and contribute to the
community
●● Define mental illness
Answer: "Maladaptive responses to stressors from the internal or
external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
that are incongruent with the local and cultural norms and interfere with
the individual's social, occupational, or physical functioning."
