CBNS 120 MT1 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Anatomy of Neuron INPUT zone - Answers - Cell Body aka Soma, which contains the
perikaryou and the nucleus,
-Apical and Basal Dendrites,
-Axon Hillock
Function of INPUT zone - Answers - Integrate inputs
-Chemical and Electrical Synaptic potentials
-Endogenous slow potentials, I.E. Heart neurons, are rhythmic oscillations in membrane
potential, aka bursting.
-Sensory generator potentials
The INPUT zone is passive or active
Anatomy of Neuron CONDUCTION zone - Answers - Axon
- Myelin
- Node of Ranvier
Function of CONDUCTION zone. - Answers - Conduct action potentials
The conduction zone is active.
Anatomy of Neuron OUTPUT - Answers - Axon Terminals
Function of OUTPUT zone - Answers - Synaptic Transmission.
The OUTPUT zone is passive or active.
Principle of Dynamic Polarization - Answers - Author, Santiago Ramon y Cajal, Circa
1900
- Information flows in a predictable and consistent direction within a nerve cell.
- Information flow begins at the receiving input sites on the dendrites and soma to the
trigger zone at the axon hillock, which is the initial segment.
- At the axon hillock, the action potential is initiated and propagated unidirectionally
along the axon to the pre-synaptic transmitter-release sites at the axon terminal.
,- Neurons differ greatly in form and function, but most adhere to this pattern of
information flow.
Unipolar Cell - Answers - - Typically invertebrates.
- Cell body leads to primary neurite, which is the axon then the dendrite
Bipolar Cell - Answers - - Bipolar Cell of Retina
- Axon leads to cell body, cell body has a neurite which leads to dendrite.
Pseudo-Unipolar Cell - Answers - - Cell body leads to primary neurite, which then splits
into two.
- Ganglion Cell of Dorsal Root.
Multipolar Cells - Answers - -Motor Neuron of Spinal Cord,
-Pyramidal Cell of Hippo-campus
-Purkinje Cell of Cerebelum
-Multipolar cells are the most numerous, and always release Acetal Choline.
Local Graded Potential - Answers - A graded change in membrane potential, or VM that
varies continuously in amplitude with stimulus-strength and decays exponentially over
distance.
Action Potential - Answers - A transient, all or none reversal of the Membrane potential,
or VM, produced by a regenerative inward current in excitable membranes. Does not
decay over distance.
V M Equals - Answers - Membrane Potential equals V in minus V out.
Afferent vs Efferent - Answers - E is for EXIT - - - - - Neurons that receive information
from our sensory organs such as eye or skin and transmit this input to the central
nervous system are called afferent neurons. Neurons that send impulses from the
central nervous system to your limbs and organs are called efferent neurons.
Motor Neurons aka efferents - Answers - - Synapse onto muscle or gland tissue
- In vertebrates, all motor neurons are excitatory, producing EPSP. but in invertebrates,
can be either
Sensory Neurons aka afferents - Answers - - Transduce sensory information such as
heat, cold, light, mechanical pressure, stretch, or chemical energy.
, Neuroendocrine Cells - Answers - Release neurohormones into circulation
Interneurons - Answers - - Are both postsynaptic and presynaptic to other nurons.
- Can be local or projection type.
Starburst Amacrine cell is a local interneuron with no axon. Found in mammalian retina.
- Answers - transmits a signal via graded potential.
Lucifer Yellow - Answers - - Rapidly diffuses
- Flows easily in gap junctions
- Into Cell Membrane
- Lucifer yellow is a fluorescent dye used in cell biology. The key property of Lucifer
yellow is that it can readily visualized in both living and fixed cells using a fluorescence
microscope.
- Stimulation to UV light can kill the cell, which has it's own application.
Example of spiking Projection Interneurons with long axons, - Answers -
Example of spiking projection interneurons with long axons - Answers - Reticulospinal
cells in vertebrate brainsteam
Mauthner Cells - Answers - - Associated with the escape reflex.
- Fluorescently labled with calcium green dextran CGD by Joseph Fetcho
Reticularspinal means - Answers - Meddular cell bodies, Spinal Axon.
- Stained with Texas Red Dextran by Don O Malley
Two acronyms for Membrane Potential - Answers - E M or V M
Typical V M for Human - Answers - -65 mili volts
Depolarization - Answers - Decrease in E M, or decreased negativity
Hyperpolarization - Answers - Increase in V M or increased negativity
Synaptic Potentials, 3 - Answers - Chemical excitatory and inhibitory.
Electrical PSP's
Chemical PSPs - Answers - - Can be mediated by transmitter-gated ion channels with
ionotropic receptors, or by G-protein linked receptors with metabotropic receptors that
affect ion channels indirectly.
ANSWERS
Anatomy of Neuron INPUT zone - Answers - Cell Body aka Soma, which contains the
perikaryou and the nucleus,
-Apical and Basal Dendrites,
-Axon Hillock
Function of INPUT zone - Answers - Integrate inputs
-Chemical and Electrical Synaptic potentials
-Endogenous slow potentials, I.E. Heart neurons, are rhythmic oscillations in membrane
potential, aka bursting.
-Sensory generator potentials
The INPUT zone is passive or active
Anatomy of Neuron CONDUCTION zone - Answers - Axon
- Myelin
- Node of Ranvier
Function of CONDUCTION zone. - Answers - Conduct action potentials
The conduction zone is active.
Anatomy of Neuron OUTPUT - Answers - Axon Terminals
Function of OUTPUT zone - Answers - Synaptic Transmission.
The OUTPUT zone is passive or active.
Principle of Dynamic Polarization - Answers - Author, Santiago Ramon y Cajal, Circa
1900
- Information flows in a predictable and consistent direction within a nerve cell.
- Information flow begins at the receiving input sites on the dendrites and soma to the
trigger zone at the axon hillock, which is the initial segment.
- At the axon hillock, the action potential is initiated and propagated unidirectionally
along the axon to the pre-synaptic transmitter-release sites at the axon terminal.
,- Neurons differ greatly in form and function, but most adhere to this pattern of
information flow.
Unipolar Cell - Answers - - Typically invertebrates.
- Cell body leads to primary neurite, which is the axon then the dendrite
Bipolar Cell - Answers - - Bipolar Cell of Retina
- Axon leads to cell body, cell body has a neurite which leads to dendrite.
Pseudo-Unipolar Cell - Answers - - Cell body leads to primary neurite, which then splits
into two.
- Ganglion Cell of Dorsal Root.
Multipolar Cells - Answers - -Motor Neuron of Spinal Cord,
-Pyramidal Cell of Hippo-campus
-Purkinje Cell of Cerebelum
-Multipolar cells are the most numerous, and always release Acetal Choline.
Local Graded Potential - Answers - A graded change in membrane potential, or VM that
varies continuously in amplitude with stimulus-strength and decays exponentially over
distance.
Action Potential - Answers - A transient, all or none reversal of the Membrane potential,
or VM, produced by a regenerative inward current in excitable membranes. Does not
decay over distance.
V M Equals - Answers - Membrane Potential equals V in minus V out.
Afferent vs Efferent - Answers - E is for EXIT - - - - - Neurons that receive information
from our sensory organs such as eye or skin and transmit this input to the central
nervous system are called afferent neurons. Neurons that send impulses from the
central nervous system to your limbs and organs are called efferent neurons.
Motor Neurons aka efferents - Answers - - Synapse onto muscle or gland tissue
- In vertebrates, all motor neurons are excitatory, producing EPSP. but in invertebrates,
can be either
Sensory Neurons aka afferents - Answers - - Transduce sensory information such as
heat, cold, light, mechanical pressure, stretch, or chemical energy.
, Neuroendocrine Cells - Answers - Release neurohormones into circulation
Interneurons - Answers - - Are both postsynaptic and presynaptic to other nurons.
- Can be local or projection type.
Starburst Amacrine cell is a local interneuron with no axon. Found in mammalian retina.
- Answers - transmits a signal via graded potential.
Lucifer Yellow - Answers - - Rapidly diffuses
- Flows easily in gap junctions
- Into Cell Membrane
- Lucifer yellow is a fluorescent dye used in cell biology. The key property of Lucifer
yellow is that it can readily visualized in both living and fixed cells using a fluorescence
microscope.
- Stimulation to UV light can kill the cell, which has it's own application.
Example of spiking Projection Interneurons with long axons, - Answers -
Example of spiking projection interneurons with long axons - Answers - Reticulospinal
cells in vertebrate brainsteam
Mauthner Cells - Answers - - Associated with the escape reflex.
- Fluorescently labled with calcium green dextran CGD by Joseph Fetcho
Reticularspinal means - Answers - Meddular cell bodies, Spinal Axon.
- Stained with Texas Red Dextran by Don O Malley
Two acronyms for Membrane Potential - Answers - E M or V M
Typical V M for Human - Answers - -65 mili volts
Depolarization - Answers - Decrease in E M, or decreased negativity
Hyperpolarization - Answers - Increase in V M or increased negativity
Synaptic Potentials, 3 - Answers - Chemical excitatory and inhibitory.
Electrical PSP's
Chemical PSPs - Answers - - Can be mediated by transmitter-gated ion channels with
ionotropic receptors, or by G-protein linked receptors with metabotropic receptors that
affect ion channels indirectly.
