MSN 672 Module 4 Questions With Complete Solutions
What receptors can be presynaptic and postsynaptic?
D3
Postsynaptic blockade of the D3 receptors in the limbic regions
may contribute to what actions?
antipsychotic
It is presynaptic actions of the D3 antagonism/partial agonism in
the ventral tegmental area may explain what actions?
Cariprazine's antidepressant
Dopamine's input to the cortex is thought to be deficient in
mood, motivation, and cognitive symptoms of depression and
also in negative symptoms of schizophrenia due to what?
deficient dopamine release for the mesocortical dopamine
neurons
Presynaptic D3 receptors detect dopamine and inhibit further
what?
dopamine release
D3 receptors are present in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) but
not where?
prefrontal cortex
There are postsynaptic D2 receptors in the prefrontal cortex that
are stimulated by what?
,dopamine
Antagonism/partial agonism of D3 receptors in the ventral
tegmental area can increase dopamine in the prefrontal cortex
how?
there are no D3 receptors in the prefrontal cortex D3
antagonists/partial agonists have no effect there
Most of the dopamine in the prefrontal cortex are what?
postsynaptic and and D1
What happens when D3 antagonists /partial agonists act in the
ventral tegmental area to block them this disinhibits the
dopamine neurons projecting into the prefrontal cortex, and they
release what?
dopamine onto D1 receptors
Improvement in energy , motivation, and brightening are
observed after what?
D3 antagonism in patients with with both mood disorders and
schizophrenia
Cariprazine is approved for what?
acute bipolar mania and acute bipolar depression
Cariprazine has some of the most robust and wide ranging
efficacy known across what?
the bipolar spectrum
Bipolar mania has classically been treated with what?
lithium
, What is prove effective in treating manic episodes, in
maintenance if recurrence, especially for manic episodes and to
a lesser extent for depressive episodes
lithium
What is well established to prevent suicide in patients with
mood disorders
lithium
This medication is used to treat depressive episodes in bipolar
disorder and as an augmenting agent to drugs for depression in
treatment-resistant unipolar depression but is not formally
approved for these treatments?
lithium
Side effects of lithium include what?
gastrointestinal symptoms such as dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, as well as weight gain, hair loss, acne, tremor,
sedation, decreased cognition, and incoordination
Anticonvulsants carbamazepine and valproate have proven
effective in treating what?
manic phase of bipolar disorder
Inhibiting voltage-sensitive sodium channels, boosting the
actions of the neurotransmitter GABA, and regulating
downstream signal transduction cascades are the three
hypotheses as to how what works?
valproate
What receptors can be presynaptic and postsynaptic?
D3
Postsynaptic blockade of the D3 receptors in the limbic regions
may contribute to what actions?
antipsychotic
It is presynaptic actions of the D3 antagonism/partial agonism in
the ventral tegmental area may explain what actions?
Cariprazine's antidepressant
Dopamine's input to the cortex is thought to be deficient in
mood, motivation, and cognitive symptoms of depression and
also in negative symptoms of schizophrenia due to what?
deficient dopamine release for the mesocortical dopamine
neurons
Presynaptic D3 receptors detect dopamine and inhibit further
what?
dopamine release
D3 receptors are present in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) but
not where?
prefrontal cortex
There are postsynaptic D2 receptors in the prefrontal cortex that
are stimulated by what?
,dopamine
Antagonism/partial agonism of D3 receptors in the ventral
tegmental area can increase dopamine in the prefrontal cortex
how?
there are no D3 receptors in the prefrontal cortex D3
antagonists/partial agonists have no effect there
Most of the dopamine in the prefrontal cortex are what?
postsynaptic and and D1
What happens when D3 antagonists /partial agonists act in the
ventral tegmental area to block them this disinhibits the
dopamine neurons projecting into the prefrontal cortex, and they
release what?
dopamine onto D1 receptors
Improvement in energy , motivation, and brightening are
observed after what?
D3 antagonism in patients with with both mood disorders and
schizophrenia
Cariprazine is approved for what?
acute bipolar mania and acute bipolar depression
Cariprazine has some of the most robust and wide ranging
efficacy known across what?
the bipolar spectrum
Bipolar mania has classically been treated with what?
lithium
, What is prove effective in treating manic episodes, in
maintenance if recurrence, especially for manic episodes and to
a lesser extent for depressive episodes
lithium
What is well established to prevent suicide in patients with
mood disorders
lithium
This medication is used to treat depressive episodes in bipolar
disorder and as an augmenting agent to drugs for depression in
treatment-resistant unipolar depression but is not formally
approved for these treatments?
lithium
Side effects of lithium include what?
gastrointestinal symptoms such as dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, as well as weight gain, hair loss, acne, tremor,
sedation, decreased cognition, and incoordination
Anticonvulsants carbamazepine and valproate have proven
effective in treating what?
manic phase of bipolar disorder
Inhibiting voltage-sensitive sodium channels, boosting the
actions of the neurotransmitter GABA, and regulating
downstream signal transduction cascades are the three
hypotheses as to how what works?
valproate
