Rush University Nsg-522 Final Exam
Fall Semester 2026-2027
Comprehensive Study Guide
Guaranteed Success (Must Know To
Score 98%)
Which of the following can be vectors? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
A. Soiled bedding
B. Contaminated food
C. Mosquitos
D. Eating utensils
E. Ticks
C. Mosquitos
E. Ticks
Vaccinating a woman during pregnancy is an example of (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
A. Passive immunity for the mother
B. Secondary prevention for the infant
C. Primary prevention for the mother
D. Active immunity for the mother
E. Tertiary prevention for the infant
C. Primary prevention for the mother
D. Active immunity for the mother
True or False. If a person has a risk factor for a disease, that means they will eventually
develop the disease
False
Screening is used to identify disease in which stage of disease?
Preclinical
,Which of the following factors are known to be health determinants? (SELECT ALL THAT
APPLY)
A. Genetics
B. Nutrition
C. Social support
D. Neighborhood
E. Education
Genetics, nutrition, social support, neighborhood, education
Treatment of adult onset hypertension identified through blood pressure screening would
be an example of...
Secondary prevention
During a routine annual visit an older adult is identified as having a significantly elevated
blood cholesterol level. The person has no history of metabolic or cardiovascular disease
and no signs or symptoms of health problems. This finding would be indicative of which
stage of disease?
Stage of preclinical disease
True or False. All communicable diseases are infectious but not all infections are
communicable
True
Reservoirs of infectious disease include (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
A. Animals
B. Water
C. Humans
D. Soil
E. Insects
Animals, water, humans, soil, insects
Using occupational therapy for rehabilitation after a stroke is an example of
Tertiary prevention
True or False. Most diseases are caused by a single causal factor
False
True or False. The Bradford Hill criteria are used to determine whether research findings
are clinically significant
False
,What is disease?
- An interruption, cessation, or disorder of body functions, systems, or organs
- Arises from infectious agents, inherent weaknesses, lifestyle, or environmental stressors
People who are infected with and transmit an infectious organism are known as...
Carriers
True or False. When the cause of a disease is considered necessary, that means that the
disease cannot occur until the cause is present
True
The incubation period for an infectious disease occurs during which stage of disease?
Stage of preclinical disease
Transmission of chlamydia during sexual intercourse is an example of which mode of
transmission?
Direct
The Bradford Hill criteria are used to...
Determine whether there is a causal association
Most diseases are caused by...
A. Genetic Factors
B. Social Factors
C. Nutrition
D. Immune Factors
E. A combination of all of the above
E. A combination of all of the above
Approximately what percentage of the population needs to be immune to achieve herd
immunity?
85%
Primary prevention efforts are focused on which stage of disease?
Stage of susceptibility
Prevention of pneumonia by administering the pneumonia vaccine to an adult with asthma
would be an example of which type of prevention?
, Primary prevention
Screening is an example of which level of prevention?
Secondary
True or false. A risk factor is a behavior or exposure that causes disease or injury
False
During an outbreak of an infectious disease, control measures may be directed towards
(SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
A. The agent
B. The mode of transmission
C. Host susceptibility
D. The reservoir
E. The portal of entry
The agent, the mode of transmission, host susceptibility, the reservoir, the portal of entry
What term is used to describe the occurrence of a disease?
Morbidity
Infant mortality describes...
Any death that occurs from the time of birth until the first birthday
The numerator is always part of the denominator in which epidemiological measures?
- Proportion
- Percentage
Maternal Mortality measures the number of maternal deaths due to pregnancy-related
causes...
Anytime during pregnancy or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy
Which term describes the number of new and pre-existing cases of a disease in a population
during a 6-month period of time?
Period prevalence
Which health indicator is most commonly used to compare the health of different countries?
Infant mortality rate
Health indicators include...
Fall Semester 2026-2027
Comprehensive Study Guide
Guaranteed Success (Must Know To
Score 98%)
Which of the following can be vectors? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
A. Soiled bedding
B. Contaminated food
C. Mosquitos
D. Eating utensils
E. Ticks
C. Mosquitos
E. Ticks
Vaccinating a woman during pregnancy is an example of (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
A. Passive immunity for the mother
B. Secondary prevention for the infant
C. Primary prevention for the mother
D. Active immunity for the mother
E. Tertiary prevention for the infant
C. Primary prevention for the mother
D. Active immunity for the mother
True or False. If a person has a risk factor for a disease, that means they will eventually
develop the disease
False
Screening is used to identify disease in which stage of disease?
Preclinical
,Which of the following factors are known to be health determinants? (SELECT ALL THAT
APPLY)
A. Genetics
B. Nutrition
C. Social support
D. Neighborhood
E. Education
Genetics, nutrition, social support, neighborhood, education
Treatment of adult onset hypertension identified through blood pressure screening would
be an example of...
Secondary prevention
During a routine annual visit an older adult is identified as having a significantly elevated
blood cholesterol level. The person has no history of metabolic or cardiovascular disease
and no signs or symptoms of health problems. This finding would be indicative of which
stage of disease?
Stage of preclinical disease
True or False. All communicable diseases are infectious but not all infections are
communicable
True
Reservoirs of infectious disease include (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
A. Animals
B. Water
C. Humans
D. Soil
E. Insects
Animals, water, humans, soil, insects
Using occupational therapy for rehabilitation after a stroke is an example of
Tertiary prevention
True or False. Most diseases are caused by a single causal factor
False
True or False. The Bradford Hill criteria are used to determine whether research findings
are clinically significant
False
,What is disease?
- An interruption, cessation, or disorder of body functions, systems, or organs
- Arises from infectious agents, inherent weaknesses, lifestyle, or environmental stressors
People who are infected with and transmit an infectious organism are known as...
Carriers
True or False. When the cause of a disease is considered necessary, that means that the
disease cannot occur until the cause is present
True
The incubation period for an infectious disease occurs during which stage of disease?
Stage of preclinical disease
Transmission of chlamydia during sexual intercourse is an example of which mode of
transmission?
Direct
The Bradford Hill criteria are used to...
Determine whether there is a causal association
Most diseases are caused by...
A. Genetic Factors
B. Social Factors
C. Nutrition
D. Immune Factors
E. A combination of all of the above
E. A combination of all of the above
Approximately what percentage of the population needs to be immune to achieve herd
immunity?
85%
Primary prevention efforts are focused on which stage of disease?
Stage of susceptibility
Prevention of pneumonia by administering the pneumonia vaccine to an adult with asthma
would be an example of which type of prevention?
, Primary prevention
Screening is an example of which level of prevention?
Secondary
True or false. A risk factor is a behavior or exposure that causes disease or injury
False
During an outbreak of an infectious disease, control measures may be directed towards
(SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
A. The agent
B. The mode of transmission
C. Host susceptibility
D. The reservoir
E. The portal of entry
The agent, the mode of transmission, host susceptibility, the reservoir, the portal of entry
What term is used to describe the occurrence of a disease?
Morbidity
Infant mortality describes...
Any death that occurs from the time of birth until the first birthday
The numerator is always part of the denominator in which epidemiological measures?
- Proportion
- Percentage
Maternal Mortality measures the number of maternal deaths due to pregnancy-related
causes...
Anytime during pregnancy or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy
Which term describes the number of new and pre-existing cases of a disease in a population
during a 6-month period of time?
Period prevalence
Which health indicator is most commonly used to compare the health of different countries?
Infant mortality rate
Health indicators include...
