BIO 110 EXAM 3 – DNA TOOLS & BIOTECHNOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
COMPLETE BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
gene cloning - ANS ✔✔one method to amplify (copy) a specific gene
Plasmid - ANS ✔✔A small, circular section of extra DNA that confers one or more traits to a bacterium
and can be reproduced separately from the main bacterial genetic code.
Gene cloning steps - ANS ✔✔1. Gene inserted into plasmid
2. Plasmid put into bacterial cell (E. Coli)
3. Host cell grown in culture to form a clone of cells containing the cloned gene of interest
4. The proteins are harvested and used for research
E. coli - ANS ✔✔a bacterium commonly found in the intestines of humans which is used to make copies
of genes.
Recombinant DNA - ANS ✔✔DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources
cloning vector - ANS ✔✔A DNA molecule known to replicate autonomously in a host cell, to which a
segment of DNA may be spliced to allow its replication; for example, a plasmid or an artificial
chromosome.
How is insulin made? - ANS ✔✔Cultures of this insulin producing bacteria containing the cloned DNA can
be grown. The bacteria is killed and the insulin is collected and purified. Now you have human insulin.
restriction enzymes - ANS ✔✔Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides
"sticky ends" - ANS ✔✔Single stranded ends of DNA left after cutting with enzymes
DNA ligase - ANS ✔✔enzyme that chemically links DNA fragments together
Any dsDNA cut with the same restriction enzyme has the same complementary ___ - ANS ✔✔sticky ends
gel electrophoresis - ANS ✔✔The separation of nucleic acids or proteins (DNA), on the basis of their size
and electrical charge, by measuring their rate of movement through an electrical field in a gel.
____ move faster than ____ through gel during electrophoresis - ANS ✔✔Short DNA, Fast DNA
Florescent dye - ANS ✔✔What is DNA marked with to be visualized during gel electrophoresis?
steps of gel electrophoresis - ANS ✔✔1. Make the gel
2. Set up the gel apparatus
3. Load the DNA sample into the gel
4. Hook up the electrical current and run the gel
5. Stain the gel and analyze the results
COMPLETE BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
gene cloning - ANS ✔✔one method to amplify (copy) a specific gene
Plasmid - ANS ✔✔A small, circular section of extra DNA that confers one or more traits to a bacterium
and can be reproduced separately from the main bacterial genetic code.
Gene cloning steps - ANS ✔✔1. Gene inserted into plasmid
2. Plasmid put into bacterial cell (E. Coli)
3. Host cell grown in culture to form a clone of cells containing the cloned gene of interest
4. The proteins are harvested and used for research
E. coli - ANS ✔✔a bacterium commonly found in the intestines of humans which is used to make copies
of genes.
Recombinant DNA - ANS ✔✔DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources
cloning vector - ANS ✔✔A DNA molecule known to replicate autonomously in a host cell, to which a
segment of DNA may be spliced to allow its replication; for example, a plasmid or an artificial
chromosome.
How is insulin made? - ANS ✔✔Cultures of this insulin producing bacteria containing the cloned DNA can
be grown. The bacteria is killed and the insulin is collected and purified. Now you have human insulin.
restriction enzymes - ANS ✔✔Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides
"sticky ends" - ANS ✔✔Single stranded ends of DNA left after cutting with enzymes
DNA ligase - ANS ✔✔enzyme that chemically links DNA fragments together
Any dsDNA cut with the same restriction enzyme has the same complementary ___ - ANS ✔✔sticky ends
gel electrophoresis - ANS ✔✔The separation of nucleic acids or proteins (DNA), on the basis of their size
and electrical charge, by measuring their rate of movement through an electrical field in a gel.
____ move faster than ____ through gel during electrophoresis - ANS ✔✔Short DNA, Fast DNA
Florescent dye - ANS ✔✔What is DNA marked with to be visualized during gel electrophoresis?
steps of gel electrophoresis - ANS ✔✔1. Make the gel
2. Set up the gel apparatus
3. Load the DNA sample into the gel
4. Hook up the electrical current and run the gel
5. Stain the gel and analyze the results
