BIO 110 EXAM 2 – WAKE TECHNICAL COMMUNITY COLLEGE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | COMPLETE BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
What is a genome? - ANS ✔✔An organism's complete set of DNA
What is a chromosome? - ANS ✔✔One or more unique pieces of DNA. They vary in length and can
consist of hundreds of millions of base pairs.
-chromosomes are circular in prokaryotes, linear in eukaryotes
How many chromosomes does a human have? - ANS ✔✔23 pairs(46 in total. One from mother, and one
from father)
What is a gene? - ANS ✔✔a specific sequence of DNA. On average, about 3,000 base pairs long, that
contains the information necessary for protein synthesis
What is an Allele - ANS ✔✔Different versions of a gene that code for the same trait
How is an allele dominant? - ANS ✔✔The version of the gene that is expressed is influenced by the
environment and in some cases, by other genes
What organism has more DNA than a human or a salamander? - ANS ✔✔Amoeba, with a genome of
other 600,000
What is coding DNA? - ANS ✔✔DNA that codes for specific proteins
What is "Junk DNA?" - ANS ✔✔This is used to help regulate gene expression
What organism has more coding DNA that a human or fruit fly? - ANS ✔✔E. coli
True or False: 75% of noncoding DNA occurs between genes, while 25%(which are called introns), occurs
within genes - ANS ✔✔True
True or False: most DNA in eukaryotes does not code for any proteins - ANS ✔✔True
Describe the creation of proteins from DNA - ANS ✔✔-DNA goes through Transcription and is copied on
mRNA
-mRNA goes through Translation and is processed into a polypeptide
Describe the process of Transcription - ANS ✔✔-Recognize and bind
-Transcribe
-Terminate
-Cap and process
RNA processing includes____ - ANS ✔✔-Adding a cap and tail
-Removing introns
-Splicing exons together
-Completed coding mRNA sequence leave the nucleus
ANSWERS | COMPLETE BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
What is a genome? - ANS ✔✔An organism's complete set of DNA
What is a chromosome? - ANS ✔✔One or more unique pieces of DNA. They vary in length and can
consist of hundreds of millions of base pairs.
-chromosomes are circular in prokaryotes, linear in eukaryotes
How many chromosomes does a human have? - ANS ✔✔23 pairs(46 in total. One from mother, and one
from father)
What is a gene? - ANS ✔✔a specific sequence of DNA. On average, about 3,000 base pairs long, that
contains the information necessary for protein synthesis
What is an Allele - ANS ✔✔Different versions of a gene that code for the same trait
How is an allele dominant? - ANS ✔✔The version of the gene that is expressed is influenced by the
environment and in some cases, by other genes
What organism has more DNA than a human or a salamander? - ANS ✔✔Amoeba, with a genome of
other 600,000
What is coding DNA? - ANS ✔✔DNA that codes for specific proteins
What is "Junk DNA?" - ANS ✔✔This is used to help regulate gene expression
What organism has more coding DNA that a human or fruit fly? - ANS ✔✔E. coli
True or False: 75% of noncoding DNA occurs between genes, while 25%(which are called introns), occurs
within genes - ANS ✔✔True
True or False: most DNA in eukaryotes does not code for any proteins - ANS ✔✔True
Describe the creation of proteins from DNA - ANS ✔✔-DNA goes through Transcription and is copied on
mRNA
-mRNA goes through Translation and is processed into a polypeptide
Describe the process of Transcription - ANS ✔✔-Recognize and bind
-Transcribe
-Terminate
-Cap and process
RNA processing includes____ - ANS ✔✔-Adding a cap and tail
-Removing introns
-Splicing exons together
-Completed coding mRNA sequence leave the nucleus
