IPHY 3430 EXAM 3 Cardiovascular
System Questions and Answers.
Arteries - Answer Act as a pressure reservoir. Elastic recoil (relaxation) back to original size,
semilunar valve keeps blood from moving back so blood moves forward.
Blood Pressure Gradient - Answer Higher closer to the heart. Highest in arteries, lowest in
veins. Blood flow requires a pressure gradient.
Blood Pressure - Answer Reflects pressure exerted by blood on walls of cardiovascular system
Systolic Pressure - Answer Ventricular systole
Diastolic pressure - Answer Ventricular Diastole
Korotkoff sounds - Answer Created by pulsatile blood flow
Pulse Pressure - Answer systolic minus diastolic pressure. Reflects overal strength of pressure
wave
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) - Answer Diastolic pressure + 1/3(pulse pressure). Reflects
driving pressure for blood flow to tissues. Indicates whether there's enough pressure to diffuse
all organs.
Why is MAP closer to diastolic pressure than systolic? - Answer Because diastole lasts twice as
long as systole
Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR) - Answer Resistance to flow offered by arterioles, variable.
Factors influencing MAP - Answer Blood Volume, cardiac output, Resistance of the system to
blood flow, Relative distribution of blood between arterial and venous blood vessels.
Cardiac Output - Answer Affects MAP. MAP is proportional to CO. CO increase = MAP increase.
Venous Return - Answer Diameter of veins influences MAP via changes in venous return.
Sympathetic innervation of smooth muscle regulates vein diameter (alpha adrenergic
receptors). Decrease in vein diameter = increase venous return = increase MAP
, Why does increasing venous return increase MAP? - Answer Increase in stroke volume
Blood Volume - Answer Usually relatively constant. Increase blood volume = increase in MAP
Why does changing blood volume affect MAP? - Answer Increase in volume increases
pressure.
Blood Pressure Control - Answer Includes rapid resoponses from cardiovascular system, and
slower responses by kidneys
What would happen in response to severe dehydration resulting in decreased blood volume? -
Answer Vasoconstriction and increased cardiac output.
Arterial Resistance (TPR) - Answer Influences MAP. MAP is proportional to TPR. Decrease in
diameter = increase in TPR = increase in MAP
What influences arterial resistance? - Answer Many things, variable resistance based on single
arterioles. See table.
Local Control of Arterial Resistance - Answer Important strategy for tissues to regulate their
own blood supply. Paracrine Signals.
Paracrine Signals - Answer O2, CO2, NO
Sympathetic Control of Arteriolar Resistance - Answer Most systemic arterioles are innervated
by SNS neurons which release norepi onto vascular smooth muscle. Maintain vascular tone.
Epinephrine effect on Arterial Resistance - Answer Travels through blood and binds to
adgrenergic recptors. Binding to alpha receptors reinforces vasoconstriction
Beta 2 receptors - Answer Some vessels have beta 2 receptors --> vasodilation. Skeletal
muscle, heart, and liver. Have NO effect on systemic BP control
Raynaud's Disease - Answer Exaggerated response to cold or emotional stress. Constriction of
blood vessels.
2 main circulatory paths - Answer Pulomonary and Systemic
System Questions and Answers.
Arteries - Answer Act as a pressure reservoir. Elastic recoil (relaxation) back to original size,
semilunar valve keeps blood from moving back so blood moves forward.
Blood Pressure Gradient - Answer Higher closer to the heart. Highest in arteries, lowest in
veins. Blood flow requires a pressure gradient.
Blood Pressure - Answer Reflects pressure exerted by blood on walls of cardiovascular system
Systolic Pressure - Answer Ventricular systole
Diastolic pressure - Answer Ventricular Diastole
Korotkoff sounds - Answer Created by pulsatile blood flow
Pulse Pressure - Answer systolic minus diastolic pressure. Reflects overal strength of pressure
wave
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) - Answer Diastolic pressure + 1/3(pulse pressure). Reflects
driving pressure for blood flow to tissues. Indicates whether there's enough pressure to diffuse
all organs.
Why is MAP closer to diastolic pressure than systolic? - Answer Because diastole lasts twice as
long as systole
Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR) - Answer Resistance to flow offered by arterioles, variable.
Factors influencing MAP - Answer Blood Volume, cardiac output, Resistance of the system to
blood flow, Relative distribution of blood between arterial and venous blood vessels.
Cardiac Output - Answer Affects MAP. MAP is proportional to CO. CO increase = MAP increase.
Venous Return - Answer Diameter of veins influences MAP via changes in venous return.
Sympathetic innervation of smooth muscle regulates vein diameter (alpha adrenergic
receptors). Decrease in vein diameter = increase venous return = increase MAP
, Why does increasing venous return increase MAP? - Answer Increase in stroke volume
Blood Volume - Answer Usually relatively constant. Increase blood volume = increase in MAP
Why does changing blood volume affect MAP? - Answer Increase in volume increases
pressure.
Blood Pressure Control - Answer Includes rapid resoponses from cardiovascular system, and
slower responses by kidneys
What would happen in response to severe dehydration resulting in decreased blood volume? -
Answer Vasoconstriction and increased cardiac output.
Arterial Resistance (TPR) - Answer Influences MAP. MAP is proportional to TPR. Decrease in
diameter = increase in TPR = increase in MAP
What influences arterial resistance? - Answer Many things, variable resistance based on single
arterioles. See table.
Local Control of Arterial Resistance - Answer Important strategy for tissues to regulate their
own blood supply. Paracrine Signals.
Paracrine Signals - Answer O2, CO2, NO
Sympathetic Control of Arteriolar Resistance - Answer Most systemic arterioles are innervated
by SNS neurons which release norepi onto vascular smooth muscle. Maintain vascular tone.
Epinephrine effect on Arterial Resistance - Answer Travels through blood and binds to
adgrenergic recptors. Binding to alpha receptors reinforces vasoconstriction
Beta 2 receptors - Answer Some vessels have beta 2 receptors --> vasodilation. Skeletal
muscle, heart, and liver. Have NO effect on systemic BP control
Raynaud's Disease - Answer Exaggerated response to cold or emotional stress. Constriction of
blood vessels.
2 main circulatory paths - Answer Pulomonary and Systemic
