OCN Study Guide Questions and Answers
1. Pleural Effusion: fluid in pleural space
2. pneumothorax: air in the pleural space
3. Which chemo has a high risk for pulmonary toxicity?: bleomycin
(Blenoxane)
4. For which pulmonary toxicity does bleomycin have a high risk?:
Pneumonitis
5. Hypocapnia: reduced carbon dioxide in the blood
6. Signs and Symptoms of pleural effusion: tachypnea (fast
breathing) decreased breath sounds
dullness to percussion
7. Define Lymphedema: obstruction of lymphatic system that caused overload of lymph in
the interstitial space
8. Define Edema: fluid in the interstitial space
,9. Cancer most commonly associated with lymphedema: Breast
10. Stage 1 Lymphedema: less than 3
cm ditterence pitting edema
11. Stage 2 Lymphedema: 3-5 cm
ditterence skin stretched and shiny
Nonpitting
12. Stage 3 Lymphedema: greater than 5
cm ditterence skin discolored, stretched, firm
Nonpitting
13. Lymphedema treatment:
compression garment manual lymphatic
drainage
elevation
aerobic exercise with strength
training low sodium diet
14. Sentinel lymph node dissection: removal of the first lymph node that contains
cancer cells
15. Hematoma: abnormal collection of blood in tissues
,16. Pericardial effusion: excess fluid around the heart
17. Tumors associated with malignant pericardial effusions: Lung
18. High dose cyclophosphamide cardiac effects: damaged cardiac
endothelium
19. Paclitaxel cardiac effects: asymptomatic bradycardia
20. 5FU cardiac effects: coronary artery spasm
21. Anthracycline (Daunorubicin, doxorubicin, and epirubicin)
cardiac effects: -
Cardiomyopathy
22. Diagnostic test for pericardial effusion: Echo
23. Abnormalities of what electrolyte and what mineral interfere
with cardiac function?: Potassium and Calcium
24. What med can be used to protect heart against effects of
doxorubicin: Dexra-zoxane
, 25. Spiral CT: Diagnostic test for pulmonary emboli
26. D-DImer test: used to diagnose or rule out conditions that cause
hypercoagulability (inappropriate clotting)
27. DIC: Accelerated activation of the coagulation cascade. Clots form in random places
leaving the body open to bleeding without protection
28. Platelet count, Fibrinogen level, D Dimer, FDP Titer: Tests to
diagnose DIC
29. How to treat DIC: Treat underlying cause
30. What does FFP do?: Contains all of the clotting factors except platelets. Used to
supplement red blood cells when whole blood is not available or to correct a bleeding problem of
unknown cause. It is also used to correct DIC.
31. Most common cancer associated with DIC?: Leukemia, specifically APL
32. Signs/Symptoms of DIC: bleeding from 3
unrelated sites hypoxia
SOB
fever
mottled extremities
33. Causes of DIC: Delivery
(of baby) Infection
Cancer
34. How does Heparin help DIC?: Interferes with thrombin production. Maintain PTT
1. Pleural Effusion: fluid in pleural space
2. pneumothorax: air in the pleural space
3. Which chemo has a high risk for pulmonary toxicity?: bleomycin
(Blenoxane)
4. For which pulmonary toxicity does bleomycin have a high risk?:
Pneumonitis
5. Hypocapnia: reduced carbon dioxide in the blood
6. Signs and Symptoms of pleural effusion: tachypnea (fast
breathing) decreased breath sounds
dullness to percussion
7. Define Lymphedema: obstruction of lymphatic system that caused overload of lymph in
the interstitial space
8. Define Edema: fluid in the interstitial space
,9. Cancer most commonly associated with lymphedema: Breast
10. Stage 1 Lymphedema: less than 3
cm ditterence pitting edema
11. Stage 2 Lymphedema: 3-5 cm
ditterence skin stretched and shiny
Nonpitting
12. Stage 3 Lymphedema: greater than 5
cm ditterence skin discolored, stretched, firm
Nonpitting
13. Lymphedema treatment:
compression garment manual lymphatic
drainage
elevation
aerobic exercise with strength
training low sodium diet
14. Sentinel lymph node dissection: removal of the first lymph node that contains
cancer cells
15. Hematoma: abnormal collection of blood in tissues
,16. Pericardial effusion: excess fluid around the heart
17. Tumors associated with malignant pericardial effusions: Lung
18. High dose cyclophosphamide cardiac effects: damaged cardiac
endothelium
19. Paclitaxel cardiac effects: asymptomatic bradycardia
20. 5FU cardiac effects: coronary artery spasm
21. Anthracycline (Daunorubicin, doxorubicin, and epirubicin)
cardiac effects: -
Cardiomyopathy
22. Diagnostic test for pericardial effusion: Echo
23. Abnormalities of what electrolyte and what mineral interfere
with cardiac function?: Potassium and Calcium
24. What med can be used to protect heart against effects of
doxorubicin: Dexra-zoxane
, 25. Spiral CT: Diagnostic test for pulmonary emboli
26. D-DImer test: used to diagnose or rule out conditions that cause
hypercoagulability (inappropriate clotting)
27. DIC: Accelerated activation of the coagulation cascade. Clots form in random places
leaving the body open to bleeding without protection
28. Platelet count, Fibrinogen level, D Dimer, FDP Titer: Tests to
diagnose DIC
29. How to treat DIC: Treat underlying cause
30. What does FFP do?: Contains all of the clotting factors except platelets. Used to
supplement red blood cells when whole blood is not available or to correct a bleeding problem of
unknown cause. It is also used to correct DIC.
31. Most common cancer associated with DIC?: Leukemia, specifically APL
32. Signs/Symptoms of DIC: bleeding from 3
unrelated sites hypoxia
SOB
fever
mottled extremities
33. Causes of DIC: Delivery
(of baby) Infection
Cancer
34. How does Heparin help DIC?: Interferes with thrombin production. Maintain PTT
