ICT 285 TOPIC 1 -5 Quizzes | Questions and Answers | 2026
Update | 100% Correct - Murdoch University. - 117 Questions
and Answers Already Graded A+ Premium Exam Tested And
Verified
Subject Area Information and Communication Technology
Description This exam covers fundamental concepts from ICT 285 Topics 1-5, including OSI
model, database design, encryption, data structures, software engineering, network
security, cloud computing, normalization, web technologies, and ICT ethics. It
assesses deep understanding and application of these topics.
Expected Grade A+
Total Questions 117
Duration 3 hours
Learning Outcomes 1. Analyze the OSI model layers and data encapsulation process
2. Construct complex SQL queries involving joins and aggregation
3. Evaluate encryption algorithms for security requirements
4. Apply data structure complexity analysis to algorithm selection
5. Differentiate software development methodologies based on project
characteristics
6. Investigate network security incidents and identify vulnerabilities
7. Compare cloud service models and their appropriate use cases
8. Determine database normal forms and identify anomalies
9. Assess HTTP methods for idempotency and safety
10. Debate ethical implications of data collection and privacy
Accreditation Aligns with ABET computing accreditation standards for baccalaureate programs.
Page 1
,Question 1 of 117
During data transmission from a web server to a client, the Transport layer at the server adds a
header that includes port numbers. If a bit error occurs in the segment and is detected by the
Network layer checksum at the intermediate router, which layer is responsible for detecting this
error?
A. Transport layer (Layer 4) - because it originally computed the checksum
B. Data Link layer (Layer 2) - because it performs error detection on the frame
C. Network layer (Layer 3) - because it verifies the IP header checksum
D. Physical layer (Layer 1) - because it checks signal integrity
The correct answer is:
Correct Action: Data Link layer (Layer 2) - because it performs error detection on the frame
Rationales
• Data Link layer (Layer 2) - because it performs error detection on the frame (Correct):
This is the correct action. The Data Link layer adds a trailer (FCS) for error detection on the entire frame, including the
Network layer header. The Network layer checksum only protects the IP header, not the payload. Transport layer checksum
is end-to-end and not verified by intermediate routers.
• Transport layer (Layer 4) - because it originally computed the checksum (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. The Network layer checksum only protects the IP header, not the payload. Transport layer
checksum is end-to-end and not verified by intermediate routers
• Network layer (Layer 3) - because it verifies the IP header checksum (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. The Network layer checksum only protects the IP header, not the payload. Transport layer
checksum is end-to-end and not verified by intermediate routers
• Physical layer (Layer 1) - because it checks signal integrity (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. The Network layer checksum only protects the IP header, not the payload. Transport layer
checksum is end-to-end and not verified by intermediate routers
Page 2
,Question 2 of 117
Consider the table 'Orders(OrderID, CustomerID, ProductID, Quantity, OrderDate)' and
'Customers(CustomerID, Name, City)'. Write a SQL query to find customers who have ordered
more than 5 different products. Which query correctly achieves this?
A. SELECT CustomerID FROM Orders GROUP BY CustomerID HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT ProductID) > 5
B. SELECT CustomerID FROM Orders WHERE COUNT(ProductID) > 5 GROUP BY CustomerID
C. SELECT CustomerID FROM Orders GROUP BY CustomerID HAVING SUM(Quantity) > 5
D. SELECT CustomerID FROM Orders HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT ProductID) > 5 GROUP BY CustomerID
The correct answer is:
Correct Action: SELECT CustomerID FROM Orders GROUP BY CustomerID HAVING
COUNT(DISTINCT ProductID) > 5
Rationales
• SELECT CustomerID FROM Orders GROUP BY CustomerID HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT ProductID) > 5
(Correct):
This is the correct action. Option A correctly groups by CustomerID and uses HAVING with COUNT(DISTINCT
ProductID) > 5. Option B cannot use WHERE with aggregate functions; option C counts quantity, not distinct products;
option D incorrect syntax (HAVING before GROUP BY).
• SELECT CustomerID FROM Orders WHERE COUNT(ProductID) > 5 GROUP BY CustomerID (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. Option B cannot use WHERE with aggregate functions; option C counts quantity, not
distinct products; option D incorrect syntax (HAVING before GROUP BY).
• SELECT CustomerID FROM Orders GROUP BY CustomerID HAVING SUM(Quantity) > 5 (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. Option B cannot use WHERE with aggregate functions; option C counts quantity, not
distinct products; option D incorrect syntax (HAVING before GROUP BY).
• SELECT CustomerID FROM Orders HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT ProductID) > 5 GROUP BY CustomerID
(Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. Option B cannot use WHERE with aggregate functions; option C counts quantity, not
distinct products; option D incorrect syntax (HAVING before GROUP BY).
Page 3
, Question 3 of 117
In a secure messaging system, you need to ensure that a message is confidential, authentic, and
non-repudiable. You decide to use digital signatures and encryption. Which combination of
operations (performed by the sender) achieves all three goals simultaneously? Assume the sender has
the recipient's public key and its own private key.
A. Encrypt the message with the sender's private key, then hash the result and sign with the recipient's public key
B. Hash the message and sign the hash with the sender's private key, then encrypt the message plus signature with
the recipient's public key
C. Encrypt the message with the recipient's public key, then sign the ciphertext with the sender's private key
D. Encrypt the message with the recipient's public key, then encrypt the ciphertext again with the sender's private
key
The correct answer is:
Correct Action: Hash the message and sign the hash with the sender's private key, then encrypt the message
plus signature with the recipient's public key
Rationales
• Hash the message and sign the hash with the sender's private key, then encrypt the message plus signature
with the recipient's public key (Correct):
This is the correct action. To provide confidentiality (encryption), authenticity (digital signature), and non-repudiation
(signature with sender's private key), the sender must first sign the hash of the message with its private key, then encrypt
the message and signature with the recipient's public key. Option B ensures only the recipient can decrypt and verify the
• Encrypt the message with the sender's private key, then hash the result and sign with the recipient's public key
(Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. Option B ensures only the recipient can decrypt and verify the signature. Option A uses
wrong keys; option C signs ciphertext but doesn't guarantee non-repudiation of original message; option D double
encryption does not provide signature
• Encrypt the message with the recipient's public key, then sign the ciphertext with the sender's private key
(Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. Option B ensures only the recipient can decrypt and verify the signature. Option A uses
wrong keys; option C signs ciphertext but doesn't guarantee non-repudiation of original message; option D double
encryption does not provide signature
• Encrypt the message with the recipient's public key, then encrypt the ciphertext again with the sender's private
key (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. Option B ensures only the recipient can decrypt and verify the signature. Option A uses
wrong keys; option C signs ciphertext but doesn't guarantee non-repudiation of original message; option D double
encryption does not provide signature
Page 4
Update | 100% Correct - Murdoch University. - 117 Questions
and Answers Already Graded A+ Premium Exam Tested And
Verified
Subject Area Information and Communication Technology
Description This exam covers fundamental concepts from ICT 285 Topics 1-5, including OSI
model, database design, encryption, data structures, software engineering, network
security, cloud computing, normalization, web technologies, and ICT ethics. It
assesses deep understanding and application of these topics.
Expected Grade A+
Total Questions 117
Duration 3 hours
Learning Outcomes 1. Analyze the OSI model layers and data encapsulation process
2. Construct complex SQL queries involving joins and aggregation
3. Evaluate encryption algorithms for security requirements
4. Apply data structure complexity analysis to algorithm selection
5. Differentiate software development methodologies based on project
characteristics
6. Investigate network security incidents and identify vulnerabilities
7. Compare cloud service models and their appropriate use cases
8. Determine database normal forms and identify anomalies
9. Assess HTTP methods for idempotency and safety
10. Debate ethical implications of data collection and privacy
Accreditation Aligns with ABET computing accreditation standards for baccalaureate programs.
Page 1
,Question 1 of 117
During data transmission from a web server to a client, the Transport layer at the server adds a
header that includes port numbers. If a bit error occurs in the segment and is detected by the
Network layer checksum at the intermediate router, which layer is responsible for detecting this
error?
A. Transport layer (Layer 4) - because it originally computed the checksum
B. Data Link layer (Layer 2) - because it performs error detection on the frame
C. Network layer (Layer 3) - because it verifies the IP header checksum
D. Physical layer (Layer 1) - because it checks signal integrity
The correct answer is:
Correct Action: Data Link layer (Layer 2) - because it performs error detection on the frame
Rationales
• Data Link layer (Layer 2) - because it performs error detection on the frame (Correct):
This is the correct action. The Data Link layer adds a trailer (FCS) for error detection on the entire frame, including the
Network layer header. The Network layer checksum only protects the IP header, not the payload. Transport layer checksum
is end-to-end and not verified by intermediate routers.
• Transport layer (Layer 4) - because it originally computed the checksum (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. The Network layer checksum only protects the IP header, not the payload. Transport layer
checksum is end-to-end and not verified by intermediate routers
• Network layer (Layer 3) - because it verifies the IP header checksum (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. The Network layer checksum only protects the IP header, not the payload. Transport layer
checksum is end-to-end and not verified by intermediate routers
• Physical layer (Layer 1) - because it checks signal integrity (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. The Network layer checksum only protects the IP header, not the payload. Transport layer
checksum is end-to-end and not verified by intermediate routers
Page 2
,Question 2 of 117
Consider the table 'Orders(OrderID, CustomerID, ProductID, Quantity, OrderDate)' and
'Customers(CustomerID, Name, City)'. Write a SQL query to find customers who have ordered
more than 5 different products. Which query correctly achieves this?
A. SELECT CustomerID FROM Orders GROUP BY CustomerID HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT ProductID) > 5
B. SELECT CustomerID FROM Orders WHERE COUNT(ProductID) > 5 GROUP BY CustomerID
C. SELECT CustomerID FROM Orders GROUP BY CustomerID HAVING SUM(Quantity) > 5
D. SELECT CustomerID FROM Orders HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT ProductID) > 5 GROUP BY CustomerID
The correct answer is:
Correct Action: SELECT CustomerID FROM Orders GROUP BY CustomerID HAVING
COUNT(DISTINCT ProductID) > 5
Rationales
• SELECT CustomerID FROM Orders GROUP BY CustomerID HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT ProductID) > 5
(Correct):
This is the correct action. Option A correctly groups by CustomerID and uses HAVING with COUNT(DISTINCT
ProductID) > 5. Option B cannot use WHERE with aggregate functions; option C counts quantity, not distinct products;
option D incorrect syntax (HAVING before GROUP BY).
• SELECT CustomerID FROM Orders WHERE COUNT(ProductID) > 5 GROUP BY CustomerID (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. Option B cannot use WHERE with aggregate functions; option C counts quantity, not
distinct products; option D incorrect syntax (HAVING before GROUP BY).
• SELECT CustomerID FROM Orders GROUP BY CustomerID HAVING SUM(Quantity) > 5 (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. Option B cannot use WHERE with aggregate functions; option C counts quantity, not
distinct products; option D incorrect syntax (HAVING before GROUP BY).
• SELECT CustomerID FROM Orders HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT ProductID) > 5 GROUP BY CustomerID
(Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. Option B cannot use WHERE with aggregate functions; option C counts quantity, not
distinct products; option D incorrect syntax (HAVING before GROUP BY).
Page 3
, Question 3 of 117
In a secure messaging system, you need to ensure that a message is confidential, authentic, and
non-repudiable. You decide to use digital signatures and encryption. Which combination of
operations (performed by the sender) achieves all three goals simultaneously? Assume the sender has
the recipient's public key and its own private key.
A. Encrypt the message with the sender's private key, then hash the result and sign with the recipient's public key
B. Hash the message and sign the hash with the sender's private key, then encrypt the message plus signature with
the recipient's public key
C. Encrypt the message with the recipient's public key, then sign the ciphertext with the sender's private key
D. Encrypt the message with the recipient's public key, then encrypt the ciphertext again with the sender's private
key
The correct answer is:
Correct Action: Hash the message and sign the hash with the sender's private key, then encrypt the message
plus signature with the recipient's public key
Rationales
• Hash the message and sign the hash with the sender's private key, then encrypt the message plus signature
with the recipient's public key (Correct):
This is the correct action. To provide confidentiality (encryption), authenticity (digital signature), and non-repudiation
(signature with sender's private key), the sender must first sign the hash of the message with its private key, then encrypt
the message and signature with the recipient's public key. Option B ensures only the recipient can decrypt and verify the
• Encrypt the message with the sender's private key, then hash the result and sign with the recipient's public key
(Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. Option B ensures only the recipient can decrypt and verify the signature. Option A uses
wrong keys; option C signs ciphertext but doesn't guarantee non-repudiation of original message; option D double
encryption does not provide signature
• Encrypt the message with the recipient's public key, then sign the ciphertext with the sender's private key
(Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. Option B ensures only the recipient can decrypt and verify the signature. Option A uses
wrong keys; option C signs ciphertext but doesn't guarantee non-repudiation of original message; option D double
encryption does not provide signature
• Encrypt the message with the recipient's public key, then encrypt the ciphertext again with the sender's private
key (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. Option B ensures only the recipient can decrypt and verify the signature. Option A uses
wrong keys; option C signs ciphertext but doesn't guarantee non-repudiation of original message; option D double
encryption does not provide signature
Page 4
