NSG 532 NEUROPHYSIOLOGY MODULE 2 EXAM 1 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

NSG 532 NEUROPHYSIOLOGY MODULE 2 EXAM 1
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS

Question:
Neurophysiology
Answer:
A communication and coordination unit for the functions of all body parts, both
structurally and functionally.

Question:
Cellular communication
Answer:
Chemical signaling that uses a ligand (hormones and neurotransmitters) to create
signal transduction from one cell to a cellular response in the signal-receiving cell

Question:
Endocrine signaling
Answer:
Slow, broad, and long lasting

Question:
Types of local signaling
Answer:
Intracrine Autrocrine Juxtacrine Paracrine

Question:
Intracrine signaling
Answer:
Signal molecule binds to nuclear membrane or DNA
Question:
Autocrine signaling
Answer:
Signal triggers a response in the cell that secretes them.

Question:
Juxtacrine signaling
Answer:
Cell-cell or cell matrix signaling that requires close contact.

Question:
Paracrine signaling
Answer:
Targets are near the signal-releasing cells.

,Question:
Distant signaling
Answer:
Signal molecules are transported via circulation

Question:
How does distant signaling work?
Answer:
Signal-sending cell --> Release signal hormone --> enter capillaries --> travels through
blood --> binds to 'R' --> signal transduction causing cellular response in signal-receiving
cell.

Question:
How does Neural Communication aka synaptic chemical signaling work?
Answer:
Signal input to pre-synaptic neuron --> Action potential (AP) --> release of
neurotransmitter --> passes through synaptic cleft --> signal transduction --> stimulation
or inhibition of AP in post-synaptic cell

Question:
How does electric signaling work?
Answer:
Signal-sending cell --> electric signals (aka nerve or electric impulses) through gap
junction --> signal transduction causing cellular response in signal-receiving cell.

Question:
Nervous system signaling aka electric signal
Answer:
Fast, specific, and brief.

Question:
Central Nervous System
Answer:
Brain and spinal cord Integration and control center PNS sends sensory information to
CNS which then conducts impulses to motor
(effector) cells

Question:
Peripheral nervous system
Answer:
Cranial nerves and spinal nerves Communication center between CNS and effector cells
Receives sensory information and sends it to the CNS to output impulses to motor cells

Question:
Motor cell types
Answer:
Autonomic and Somatic

, Question:
Autonomic (involuntary)
Answer:
Cardiac and smooth muscles and glands Including Enteric, Parasympathetic, and
Sympathetic Nervous Systems

Question:
Somatic (voluntary)
Answer:
Skeletal muscles

Question:
Neurons
Answer:
Receive, process, generate, and transmit information via electrical/chemical signals

Question:
What are neurons made of?
Answer:
Cell body (soma), dendrites, axon, synaptic terminals, nucleus, myelin, node of ranvier

Question:
Dendrites
Answer:
The receiver of information in a neuron

Question:
Axon
Answer:
Conductor of electrical impulses in a neuron

Question:
Axon hillock
Answer:
Trigger zone for action potential, determines whether an action potential must be
generated Receives nerve impulse from a synaptic input

Question:
Synaptic terminals
Answer:
The transmitter part of a neuron

Question:
Myelin making cells
Answer:
Schwann (PNS) and oligodendrocytes (CNS)