SOLUTION MANUAL fg fg
Family Therapy: History, Theory, and Practice
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7th Edition by Gladding Chapter 1 to 18
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,Table of contents fg fg fg
1. The History of Family Therapy: Evolution and Revolution
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2. The Theoretical Context of Family Therapy
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3. Types and Functionality of Families
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4. Working with Single-Parent and Blended Families
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5. Working with Culturally Diverse Families
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6. Ethical, Legal, and Professional Issues in Family Therapy
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7. The Process of Family Therapy
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8. Couples and Marriage Therapy and Enrichment
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9. Psychodynamic Family Theory
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10. Bowen Family Systems Theory
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11. Behavioral and Cognitive--Behavioral Family Therapies
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12. Experiential Family Therapy
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13. Structural Family Therapy
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14. Strategic Family Therapies
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15. Solution-Focused Brief Therapy
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16. Narrative Family Therapy
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17. Research and Assessment in Family Therapy
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18. Working with Substance-Related Disorders, Domestic Violence, and Child
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Abuse
fg
ii
, Chapter 1 fg
The History of Family Therapy: Evolution and Revolution
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Chapter Overview fg
Family Therapy Through the Decades
fg fg fg fg
Prior to the development of marriage and family therapy as a profession, older family members
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
assisted younger members and adult family members cared for the very young and the very old
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Before 1940 fg
focus in the United States was on the individual
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
society utilized clergy, lawyers, and doctors for advice and counsel
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
prevailing individual theories were psychoanalysis and behaviorism
fg fg fg fg fg fg
Catalysts for the growth of family therapy
fg fg fg fg fg fg
courses in family life education became popular fg fg fg fg fg fg
establishment of marriage and family training programs (e.g., Marriage Council of fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Philadelphia in 1932)
fg fg fg
founding of the National Council on Family Relations in 1938 and the journal Marriage and
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Family Living in 1939
fg fg fg fg
county home extension agents educated and promoted understanding family dynamics
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Family therapy: 1940 to 1949
fg fg fg fg fg
establishment of the American Association of Marriage Counselors in 1942 fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
first account of concurrent marital counseling published in 1948 by Bela Mittleman
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
research on families with a schizophrenic member by Theodore Litz
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
National Mental Health Act of 1946 funded research on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
of mental health disorders
fg fg fg fg
Family therapy: 1950 to 1959
fg fg fg fg fg
individual leaders dominated the profession fg fg fg fg
Nathan Ackerman used a psychoanalytical approach to understand and treat families
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Gregory Bateson studied communication patterns in families with a schizophrenic member
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
and developed the double bind theory
fg fg fg fg fg fg
double bind theory - two seemingly contradictory messages may exist simultaneously and
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
lead to confusion fg fg fg
Mental Research Institute was created by Don Jackson in Palo Alto, CA
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
changed problem conceptualization from a pathology oriented individual perspective to a
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
more relationship based orientation
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brief therapy developed at MRI as one of the first new approaches to family therapy
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Carl Whitaker pushed the conventional envelope by seeing spouses and children in therapy
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
set up the first family therapy conference at Sea Island, GA
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Murray Bowen studied families with schizophrenic members
fg fg fg fg fg fg
held therapy sessions with all family members present fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
pioneered theoretical thinking on the influence of previous generations on the mental fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
health of families fg fg fg
Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy developed contextual therapy focusing on the healing of human
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
relationships through trust and commitment
fg fg fg fg fg
Family therapy: 1960 to 1969
fg fg fg fg fg
An era of rapid growth in family therapy
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Increase in training centers and academic programs in family therapy
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Jay Haley, expanding on the work of Milton Erikson, developed strategic family therapy
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
emphasis on the therapist gaining and maintaining power during treatment fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
strategic therapy uses directives to assist clients to go beyond gaining insightfg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
edited Family Process from 1961 to 1969, providing a means for to keep professions
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
linked and informed fg fg fg
Haley joined with Salvador Minuchin at the Philadelphia Child Guidance Clinic in the
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
late 1960's fg fg
1
, Salvador Minuchin developed structural family therapy, based on his work with the Wiltwyck
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
School for Boys
fg fg fg
utilized minority community members as paraprofessionals to better relate to urban
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
blacks and Hispanics
fg fg fg
Virginia Satir was the only woman among the family therapy pioneers
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
started seeing family members as a group in the 1950's fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
utilized touch and nurtured her clients, emphasizing self-esteem, compassion, and
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
affective congruence
fg fg
published Conjoint Family Therapy in 1964 which stressed the importance of seeing
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
distressed couples together at the same time
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Virginia Satir was an influential, charismatic leader fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Carl Whitaker pioneered unconventional, spontaneous, sometimes outrageous appearing
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
approaches, designed to help families achieve freedom and growth
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Family Process co-founded in 1961 by Don Jackson and Nathan Ackerman
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Nathan Ackerman published Treating the Troubled Family in 1966, advocating closer
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
therapist involvement with families during treatment, being confrontive, and making covert
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
issues overt
fg fg
John Bell developed a family group therapy model, advocated that children 9 years and older
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
should participate in family therapy, and offered one of the first graduate family therapy
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
courses in the United States
fg fg fg fg fg
Murray Bowen discovered that emotional reactivity in many families created undifferentiated
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
family ego mass (i.e., family members have difficulty maintaining their individual identities
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
and actions)
fg fg
Systems theory developed by Ludwig Von Bertalanffy in 1968
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
a way of looking at all parts of an organism simultaneously
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
a set of elements standing in interaction with one another
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
each element of a system is affected by what happens to any other element
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
became the basis for most family therapy fg fg fg fg fg fg
less reliance on linear causality (direct cause and effect)
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
increased emphasis on circular causality (events are related through a series of repeating
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
cycles or loops)
fg fg fg
family therapists seen as a specialists within the field
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
first license regulating family therapists granted in California in 1963
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Institutes and training centers
fg fg fg
Mental Research Institute continues its work in training and research
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Family Therapy Institute of New York established with Nathan Ackerman as director
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Philadelphia Child Guidance Clinic developed innovative supervision techniques such as the
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
'bug in the ear"
fg fg fg fg
Family Therapy Institute of Philadelphia founded in 1964, merging the Eastern Pennsylvania
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Psychiatric Institute and the Family Institute of Philadelphia
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Boston Family Institute founded by Fred Duhl and David Kantor, focusing on expressive and
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
dramatic interventions and originating the family sculpting technique
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Institute for Family Studies in Milan, Italy formed in 1967
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
an MRI based model that developed many innovative short term approaches
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Family therapy: 1970 to 1979
fg fg fg fg fg
rapid growth in AAMFT based partly on recognition as an accrediting body for marriage and
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
family training programs
fg fg fg
The American Association of Marriage and Family Counselors (AAMFC) changed its name to
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT) in 1977
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Journal of Marital and Family Therapy founded by AAMFT in 1974
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
American Family Therapy Academy (AFTA) founded in 1977 to address clinical, research, and
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
teaching issues
fg fg
AAMFT and AFTA agreed on distinct roles within the profession
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
AFTA concentrated on the exchange of ideas among advanced professionals
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
AAMFT focused on accreditation of training programs
fg fg fg fg fg fg
2
Family Therapy: History, Theory, and Practice
fg fg fg fg fg fg
7th Edition by Gladding Chapter 1 to 18
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
,Table of contents fg fg fg
1. The History of Family Therapy: Evolution and Revolution
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
2. The Theoretical Context of Family Therapy
fg fg fg fg fg fg
3. Types and Functionality of Families
fg fg fg fg fg
4. Working with Single-Parent and Blended Families
fg fg fg fg fg fg
5. Working with Culturally Diverse Families
fg fg fg fg fg
6. Ethical, Legal, and Professional Issues in Family Therapy
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
7. The Process of Family Therapy
fg fg fg fg fg
8. Couples and Marriage Therapy and Enrichment
fg fg fg fg fg fg
9. Psychodynamic Family Theory
fg fg fg
10. Bowen Family Systems Theory
fg fg fg fg
11. Behavioral and Cognitive--Behavioral Family Therapies
fg fg fg fg fg
12. Experiential Family Therapy
fg fg fg
13. Structural Family Therapy
fg fg fg
14. Strategic Family Therapies
fg fg fg
15. Solution-Focused Brief Therapy
fg fg fg
16. Narrative Family Therapy
fg fg fg
17. Research and Assessment in Family Therapy
fg fg fg fg fg fg
18. Working with Substance-Related Disorders, Domestic Violence, and Child
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Abuse
fg
ii
, Chapter 1 fg
The History of Family Therapy: Evolution and Revolution
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Chapter Overview fg
Family Therapy Through the Decades
fg fg fg fg
Prior to the development of marriage and family therapy as a profession, older family members
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
assisted younger members and adult family members cared for the very young and the very old
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Before 1940 fg
focus in the United States was on the individual
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
society utilized clergy, lawyers, and doctors for advice and counsel
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
prevailing individual theories were psychoanalysis and behaviorism
fg fg fg fg fg fg
Catalysts for the growth of family therapy
fg fg fg fg fg fg
courses in family life education became popular fg fg fg fg fg fg
establishment of marriage and family training programs (e.g., Marriage Council of fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Philadelphia in 1932)
fg fg fg
founding of the National Council on Family Relations in 1938 and the journal Marriage and
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Family Living in 1939
fg fg fg fg
county home extension agents educated and promoted understanding family dynamics
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Family therapy: 1940 to 1949
fg fg fg fg fg
establishment of the American Association of Marriage Counselors in 1942 fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
first account of concurrent marital counseling published in 1948 by Bela Mittleman
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
research on families with a schizophrenic member by Theodore Litz
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
National Mental Health Act of 1946 funded research on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
of mental health disorders
fg fg fg fg
Family therapy: 1950 to 1959
fg fg fg fg fg
individual leaders dominated the profession fg fg fg fg
Nathan Ackerman used a psychoanalytical approach to understand and treat families
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Gregory Bateson studied communication patterns in families with a schizophrenic member
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
and developed the double bind theory
fg fg fg fg fg fg
double bind theory - two seemingly contradictory messages may exist simultaneously and
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
lead to confusion fg fg fg
Mental Research Institute was created by Don Jackson in Palo Alto, CA
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
changed problem conceptualization from a pathology oriented individual perspective to a
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
more relationship based orientation
fg fg fg fg
brief therapy developed at MRI as one of the first new approaches to family therapy
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Carl Whitaker pushed the conventional envelope by seeing spouses and children in therapy
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
set up the first family therapy conference at Sea Island, GA
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Murray Bowen studied families with schizophrenic members
fg fg fg fg fg fg
held therapy sessions with all family members present fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
pioneered theoretical thinking on the influence of previous generations on the mental fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
health of families fg fg fg
Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy developed contextual therapy focusing on the healing of human
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
relationships through trust and commitment
fg fg fg fg fg
Family therapy: 1960 to 1969
fg fg fg fg fg
An era of rapid growth in family therapy
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Increase in training centers and academic programs in family therapy
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Jay Haley, expanding on the work of Milton Erikson, developed strategic family therapy
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
emphasis on the therapist gaining and maintaining power during treatment fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
strategic therapy uses directives to assist clients to go beyond gaining insightfg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
edited Family Process from 1961 to 1969, providing a means for to keep professions
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
linked and informed fg fg fg
Haley joined with Salvador Minuchin at the Philadelphia Child Guidance Clinic in the
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
late 1960's fg fg
1
, Salvador Minuchin developed structural family therapy, based on his work with the Wiltwyck
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
School for Boys
fg fg fg
utilized minority community members as paraprofessionals to better relate to urban
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
blacks and Hispanics
fg fg fg
Virginia Satir was the only woman among the family therapy pioneers
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
started seeing family members as a group in the 1950's fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
utilized touch and nurtured her clients, emphasizing self-esteem, compassion, and
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
affective congruence
fg fg
published Conjoint Family Therapy in 1964 which stressed the importance of seeing
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
distressed couples together at the same time
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Virginia Satir was an influential, charismatic leader fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Carl Whitaker pioneered unconventional, spontaneous, sometimes outrageous appearing
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
approaches, designed to help families achieve freedom and growth
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Family Process co-founded in 1961 by Don Jackson and Nathan Ackerman
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Nathan Ackerman published Treating the Troubled Family in 1966, advocating closer
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
therapist involvement with families during treatment, being confrontive, and making covert
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
issues overt
fg fg
John Bell developed a family group therapy model, advocated that children 9 years and older
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
should participate in family therapy, and offered one of the first graduate family therapy
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
courses in the United States
fg fg fg fg fg
Murray Bowen discovered that emotional reactivity in many families created undifferentiated
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
family ego mass (i.e., family members have difficulty maintaining their individual identities
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
and actions)
fg fg
Systems theory developed by Ludwig Von Bertalanffy in 1968
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
a way of looking at all parts of an organism simultaneously
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
a set of elements standing in interaction with one another
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
each element of a system is affected by what happens to any other element
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
became the basis for most family therapy fg fg fg fg fg fg
less reliance on linear causality (direct cause and effect)
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
increased emphasis on circular causality (events are related through a series of repeating
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
cycles or loops)
fg fg fg
family therapists seen as a specialists within the field
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
first license regulating family therapists granted in California in 1963
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Institutes and training centers
fg fg fg
Mental Research Institute continues its work in training and research
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Family Therapy Institute of New York established with Nathan Ackerman as director
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Philadelphia Child Guidance Clinic developed innovative supervision techniques such as the
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
'bug in the ear"
fg fg fg fg
Family Therapy Institute of Philadelphia founded in 1964, merging the Eastern Pennsylvania
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Psychiatric Institute and the Family Institute of Philadelphia
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Boston Family Institute founded by Fred Duhl and David Kantor, focusing on expressive and
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
dramatic interventions and originating the family sculpting technique
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Institute for Family Studies in Milan, Italy formed in 1967
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
an MRI based model that developed many innovative short term approaches
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Family therapy: 1970 to 1979
fg fg fg fg fg
rapid growth in AAMFT based partly on recognition as an accrediting body for marriage and
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
family training programs
fg fg fg
The American Association of Marriage and Family Counselors (AAMFC) changed its name to
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT) in 1977
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
Journal of Marital and Family Therapy founded by AAMFT in 1974
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
American Family Therapy Academy (AFTA) founded in 1977 to address clinical, research, and
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
teaching issues
fg fg
AAMFT and AFTA agreed on distinct roles within the profession
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
AFTA concentrated on the exchange of ideas among advanced professionals
fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg
AAMFT focused on accreditation of training programs
fg fg fg fg fg fg
2
