Test Bank for Evolution: Making Sense of Life (3rd Edition) by Carl Zimmer & Douglas Emlen – Chapters 1 to 18 (Complete & Verified)

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Evolution Making Sense of Life
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3rd Edition by Zimmer; Emlen Chapter 1 to 18
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,Table of contents fg fg fg




1 The Whale and the Virus: How Scientists Study Evolution 1
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2 From Natural Philosophy to Darwin: A Brief History of Evolutionary Ideas 28
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3 What the Rocks Say: How Geology and Paleontology Reveal the History of Life
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52
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4 The Tree of Life: How Biologists Use Phylogeny to Reconstruct the Deep Past
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5 Raw Material: Heritable Variation Among Individuals 140
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6 The Ways of Change: Drift and Selection 176
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7 Beyond Alleles: Quantitative Genetics and the Evolution of Phenotypes 226
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8 The History in Our Genes 264
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9 From Genes to Traits: The Evolution of Genetic Networks and Development 308
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10 Natural Selection: Empirical Studies in the Wild 352
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11 Sex: Causes and Consequences 390
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12 After Conception: The Evolution of Life History and Parental Care 434
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13 The Origin of Species 466
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14 Macroevolution: The Long Run 508
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15 Intimate Partnerships: How Species Adapt to Each Other 548
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16 Brains and Behavior 588
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17 Human Evolution: A New Kind of Ape 632
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18 Evolutionary Medicine 684
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, Chapter 1 : The Whale and the Virus:
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1. Which of the following is NOT an example of evolution?
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(a) Beak size in a population of birds becomes larger from one generation to
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the next because larger beaked birds had higher reproductive success
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and passed the trait to their offspring
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(b) Over long periods of time whales gradually lost their hindlimbs
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(c) When traveling to high altitude, human physiology changes to
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accommodate lower oxygen levels
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(d) All of the above are examples of evolution
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2. The fluke of a whale and the fluke of a shark:
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(a) are homologous traits
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(b) arose through convergent evolutionfg fg fg


(c) are the result of natural selection
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(d) b and c are correct
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(e) all are correct
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3. Mammary glands in whales and humans: fg fg fg fg fg




(a) are a synapomorphy for these species and other mammals
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(b) are homologous traitsfg fg


(c) were likely present in the most recent common ancestor of humans and
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whales
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(d) all are correct fg fg


(e) none are correct fg fg




4. Based on current fossil evidence:
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(a) whales were likely fully aquatic before they evolved peg-like teeth or
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baleen
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(b) evolution of baleen forced whales to become fully aquaticfg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg


(c) the teeth of extinct whales such as Dorudon were similar to those of
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extinct land mammals
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(d) a and c are correct
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(e) b and c are correct
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5. One important feature that links extinct organisms such as Pakicetus and
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Indohyus to cetaceans is:
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(a) the shape of a bone in the middle ear
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(b) the presence of forelimb flippers
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(c) the lack of hindlegs
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(d) peg-like teeth fg

, 6. The placement of whales within the artiodactyls is supported by:
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(a) morphology of limb bones (e.g. the astragalus) in extinct whales fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg fg


(b) DNA evidence fg


(c) the fact that some artiodactyls (e.g. hippos) spend a significant amount of
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time in the water
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(d) a and b are correct
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(e) all of the above fg fg fg




7. From examining the fossil record, scientists have postulated that long-term
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historic changes in cetacean diversity depended on:
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(a) changes in the abundance of diatoms, one of their main food sources
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(b) changes in the abundance of diatoms, which serve as food for
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animals that were preyed upon by cetaceans
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(c) changes in sea temperature fg fg fg


(d) rising pollution levels in the oceanfg fg fg fg fg


(e) changes in the abundance of organisms that prey on cetaceans
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8. Which of the following would explain why viruses such as influenza evolve so
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rapidly:
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(a) they have a high mutation rate
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(b) they have a high replication rate
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(c) they can undergo viral reassortment
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(d) none of the above fg fg fg


(e) all of the abovefg fg fg




9. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the evolution of drug
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resistance in a virus:
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(a) the drug causes mutations in the virus that make it resistant
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(b) even before the drug is administered, some virions might be
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resistant
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(c) an individual virion that is exposed to the drug will adapt by becoming
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resistant; future applications of the drug will be ineffective against
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this virion
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(d) all of the above fg fg fg




10. The molecular clock used to date the emergence of the 2009 H1N1 strain
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would be inaccurate if:
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(a) mutations arose at different rates in different lineages fg fg fg fg fg fg fg


(b) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed long ago
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(c) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed recently
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(d) none of the above fg fg fg