IPHY 2400 Final Exam
(2025-2026)
Question and Answers
Expert Verified
(With A+ Grades Guarantee)
,Urology the medical specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system
ur/o urinary system; urine
-logy study of
Urinary (Genitourinary) System the function of the urinary system is to remove waste products of cellular
metabolism from the blood by producing, transporting, storing, and excreting urine.
ureter a 12 inch tube that connects the kidney to the urinary bladder.
urethra drains the bladder
Glomerulonephritis An infection and inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney. This disease occurs
when there is a complication of acute viral or streptococcal infection when antibody
complexes clog the pores of capillaries
glomerulus/o- glomerulus
nephr/o kidney
-itis infection or inflammation of
hydronephrosis condition which urine distends the renal pelvis and calices or ureter. This occurs
when a there is a block in the flow of urine.
Nephrolithiasis Formation of kidney stone in the urinary system. Causes severe pain due to stone
rubbing on the inside of the muscle.
lith/o- stone
-iasis process or state
nephropathy any disease of the kidney
,nephroptosis abnormally low position of a kidney
-ptosis state of dropping
polycystic kidney disease hereditary disease characterized by cysts in the kidney. Growth of cysts can destroy
the phonos and cause kidney failure
pyelonephritis infection and inflammation of the renal pelvis of the kidney; caused by bacteria that
travel upward from the bladder.
pyel/o- renal pelvis
renal cell cancer a cancerous tumor that starts in the epithelial cells in the tubules of the nephron
renal failure disease where urine production decreases and at times may even stop
acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs suddenly and is usually caused by blood loss or an infection. A type of renal
failure
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) occurs gradually, with renal insufficiency progressing to renal failure.
Uremia Condition in which there is excessive buildup of urea in the blood due to renal
failure.
Urinary tract infection (UTI) Bacterial infection somewhere in the urinary tract; typically involves E. coli that have
traveled from the rectum into the urethra
cyst/o bladder. more commonly used when talking about a bladder disease
vesic/o- bladder
vesical NOT vesicle bladder
bladder cancer presence of tumor in the epithelial cells of the bladder
, cystitis infection of bladder due to bacterial infection
cystocele hernia in which the bladder bulges through a weakness in the muscular wall of the
vagina or rectum, causing retention of urine inside the hernia
-cele hernia
neurogenic bladder condition where nerves to the bladder are not working correctly, causing urinary
retention
neur/o- nerve
gen/o- arising from
overactive bladder condition which the bladder had too many involuntary contractions, resulting in urge
incontinence
urinary retention inability to empty bladder
vesicovaginal fistula abnormal passageway connecting the bladder to the vagina. Leaking from vagina
vagin/o- vagina
internal urethral sphincter under the involuntary control
external urethral sphincter is under voluntary control. Ability to hold a piss
incontinence inability to voluntarily hold urine
stress urinary incontinence(SUI) is caused by weak pelvic floor muscles
in- not
(2025-2026)
Question and Answers
Expert Verified
(With A+ Grades Guarantee)
,Urology the medical specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system
ur/o urinary system; urine
-logy study of
Urinary (Genitourinary) System the function of the urinary system is to remove waste products of cellular
metabolism from the blood by producing, transporting, storing, and excreting urine.
ureter a 12 inch tube that connects the kidney to the urinary bladder.
urethra drains the bladder
Glomerulonephritis An infection and inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney. This disease occurs
when there is a complication of acute viral or streptococcal infection when antibody
complexes clog the pores of capillaries
glomerulus/o- glomerulus
nephr/o kidney
-itis infection or inflammation of
hydronephrosis condition which urine distends the renal pelvis and calices or ureter. This occurs
when a there is a block in the flow of urine.
Nephrolithiasis Formation of kidney stone in the urinary system. Causes severe pain due to stone
rubbing on the inside of the muscle.
lith/o- stone
-iasis process or state
nephropathy any disease of the kidney
,nephroptosis abnormally low position of a kidney
-ptosis state of dropping
polycystic kidney disease hereditary disease characterized by cysts in the kidney. Growth of cysts can destroy
the phonos and cause kidney failure
pyelonephritis infection and inflammation of the renal pelvis of the kidney; caused by bacteria that
travel upward from the bladder.
pyel/o- renal pelvis
renal cell cancer a cancerous tumor that starts in the epithelial cells in the tubules of the nephron
renal failure disease where urine production decreases and at times may even stop
acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs suddenly and is usually caused by blood loss or an infection. A type of renal
failure
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) occurs gradually, with renal insufficiency progressing to renal failure.
Uremia Condition in which there is excessive buildup of urea in the blood due to renal
failure.
Urinary tract infection (UTI) Bacterial infection somewhere in the urinary tract; typically involves E. coli that have
traveled from the rectum into the urethra
cyst/o bladder. more commonly used when talking about a bladder disease
vesic/o- bladder
vesical NOT vesicle bladder
bladder cancer presence of tumor in the epithelial cells of the bladder
, cystitis infection of bladder due to bacterial infection
cystocele hernia in which the bladder bulges through a weakness in the muscular wall of the
vagina or rectum, causing retention of urine inside the hernia
-cele hernia
neurogenic bladder condition where nerves to the bladder are not working correctly, causing urinary
retention
neur/o- nerve
gen/o- arising from
overactive bladder condition which the bladder had too many involuntary contractions, resulting in urge
incontinence
urinary retention inability to empty bladder
vesicovaginal fistula abnormal passageway connecting the bladder to the vagina. Leaking from vagina
vagin/o- vagina
internal urethral sphincter under the involuntary control
external urethral sphincter is under voluntary control. Ability to hold a piss
incontinence inability to voluntarily hold urine
stress urinary incontinence(SUI) is caused by weak pelvic floor muscles
in- not
