Renal physiology
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1. Renal system ...
2. what are the functions of the 1. Maintain composition and volumes of the body fluids. 2.
Renal system? 6 Things Excrete metabolic wastes. 3. Regulate bp. 4. Regulate RBC
production. 5.Regulate Vit D production. 6. Gluconeogenesis
3. How does the kidney do these Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, endocrine
things?
4. Renal function? CO = 5 L/min RBF/CO = 1/5 = .2 which is an estimate of renal function
and Renal blood flow = 1
L/min. Renal fraction?
5. what is filtration? transport from glomerular capillaries into renal tubular lumen.
Occurs in glomerulus, rate governed by starling forces -> small
solutes enter filtrate by convection!
6. what is Reabsorption? Transport from Tubular lumen fluid Back into systemic circula-
tion either across or between Tubular epithelial cells (all along
nephron)
7. what is secretion? Transport from non-glomerular capillaries or interstitial fluid
into tubular lumen fluid either across or between tubular ep-
ithelial cells
8. equation for Excretion (what Excretion = Filtration (amount in plasma X plasma filtration rate)
ends up in urine) + Secretion (amt added across tuble/time) - Reabsorption (amt
removed from tubule/time)
9. Examples inulin: Excretion = filtration. Glucose: excretion < filtration, thus
net reabsorption (want nutrients). PAH: excretion > filtration,
thus net secretion
10.
, Renal physiology
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what is glomerular filtration the rate ml/min of production of ultrafiltrate across glomerular
rate (GFR) capillaries into Bowman's space; Filtrate is blood and protein
free.
11. note: GFR is the sum filtration normal GFR = 120 ml/min, which is equivalent to 180 L/ day!
across all glomeruli in BOTH
kidneys -> provides estimate
of functioning renal mass....
12. note: 20% of plasma is fil- FF = GFR/Renal Plasma Flow (RPF) -> 120/600 = .2 is the
tered out of blood as it passes standard normal value of Filtration Fraction
glomeruli, while 80% contin-
ues on -> the ratio is the Filtra-
tion Fraction (FF)...
13. how to measure GFR? 2 methods. Hard way = Inulin clearance. Practical = look at
creatinine
14. what is clearance? the rate of removal of a substance from a volume of blood or
plasma -> units are volume (ml) / time
15. what is renal clearance rate the blood or plasma is cleared of a substance by its excre-
tion into the urine over time
16. GFR measurement method 1, whatever is filtered is excreted. Plasma[inulin] X GFR = Urine
look at clearance of inulin [inulin] X urine flow rate.... NOW solve for GFR
17. GFR measurement method 2, creatinine = prodcued and excreted at a constant rate (from
looks at creatinine muscle)... P[creatinine] X GFR = U[creatinine] X V
18. note: GFR and P[Creatinine] ...
vary inversely. If GFR falls,
P[creatinine] will increase
, Renal physiology
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19. explain glucose reabsorption glucose is normally fully reabsorbed... Reabsorption rate =
Filtration rate - excretion rate. But, if body gets overloaded
with glucose, it overwhelms the transporters, and so you get
excretion of glucose (diabetes)
20. explain tubular secretion Look at PAH. Excretion (U[pah] X V) > Filtration (P[pah] X GFR).
Measuring renal plasma flow and renal blood flow? Use PAH.
In artery = out vein
21. what are the functions of the reabsorption of the BULK of the filtered load in order to deliver
proximal tubule a relativley constant amount of material to the loop of henle
and distal tubule/ collecting ducts for find adjustment
22. pathway afferent arteriole -> glomerulus -> proximal tubule -> loop ->
DCT/ Collecting ducts
23. note: proximal tubule ab- it is isotonic reabsorption.
sorbs 2/3 of NaCl and 2/3 H20!
IMPORTANT
24. note: the [Na] remails con- ...
stant in the start and end of
the proximal tubule, but the
volume is being reabsorbed!
Thus you are reabsorbing a
ton of salt in this structure
25. what guides preferential re- Apical Na/H exchanger and basolateral NaK ATPase and NaH-
absorption of NaHCO3? CO3 tranpsorters mediate this. Remember that good ol Car-
bonic anydrase helps out by converting CO2 and H20 into
Bicarbonate!
26.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ub7bm
1. Renal system ...
2. what are the functions of the 1. Maintain composition and volumes of the body fluids. 2.
Renal system? 6 Things Excrete metabolic wastes. 3. Regulate bp. 4. Regulate RBC
production. 5.Regulate Vit D production. 6. Gluconeogenesis
3. How does the kidney do these Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, endocrine
things?
4. Renal function? CO = 5 L/min RBF/CO = 1/5 = .2 which is an estimate of renal function
and Renal blood flow = 1
L/min. Renal fraction?
5. what is filtration? transport from glomerular capillaries into renal tubular lumen.
Occurs in glomerulus, rate governed by starling forces -> small
solutes enter filtrate by convection!
6. what is Reabsorption? Transport from Tubular lumen fluid Back into systemic circula-
tion either across or between Tubular epithelial cells (all along
nephron)
7. what is secretion? Transport from non-glomerular capillaries or interstitial fluid
into tubular lumen fluid either across or between tubular ep-
ithelial cells
8. equation for Excretion (what Excretion = Filtration (amount in plasma X plasma filtration rate)
ends up in urine) + Secretion (amt added across tuble/time) - Reabsorption (amt
removed from tubule/time)
9. Examples inulin: Excretion = filtration. Glucose: excretion < filtration, thus
net reabsorption (want nutrients). PAH: excretion > filtration,
thus net secretion
10.
, Renal physiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ub7bm
what is glomerular filtration the rate ml/min of production of ultrafiltrate across glomerular
rate (GFR) capillaries into Bowman's space; Filtrate is blood and protein
free.
11. note: GFR is the sum filtration normal GFR = 120 ml/min, which is equivalent to 180 L/ day!
across all glomeruli in BOTH
kidneys -> provides estimate
of functioning renal mass....
12. note: 20% of plasma is fil- FF = GFR/Renal Plasma Flow (RPF) -> 120/600 = .2 is the
tered out of blood as it passes standard normal value of Filtration Fraction
glomeruli, while 80% contin-
ues on -> the ratio is the Filtra-
tion Fraction (FF)...
13. how to measure GFR? 2 methods. Hard way = Inulin clearance. Practical = look at
creatinine
14. what is clearance? the rate of removal of a substance from a volume of blood or
plasma -> units are volume (ml) / time
15. what is renal clearance rate the blood or plasma is cleared of a substance by its excre-
tion into the urine over time
16. GFR measurement method 1, whatever is filtered is excreted. Plasma[inulin] X GFR = Urine
look at clearance of inulin [inulin] X urine flow rate.... NOW solve for GFR
17. GFR measurement method 2, creatinine = prodcued and excreted at a constant rate (from
looks at creatinine muscle)... P[creatinine] X GFR = U[creatinine] X V
18. note: GFR and P[Creatinine] ...
vary inversely. If GFR falls,
P[creatinine] will increase
, Renal physiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ub7bm
19. explain glucose reabsorption glucose is normally fully reabsorbed... Reabsorption rate =
Filtration rate - excretion rate. But, if body gets overloaded
with glucose, it overwhelms the transporters, and so you get
excretion of glucose (diabetes)
20. explain tubular secretion Look at PAH. Excretion (U[pah] X V) > Filtration (P[pah] X GFR).
Measuring renal plasma flow and renal blood flow? Use PAH.
In artery = out vein
21. what are the functions of the reabsorption of the BULK of the filtered load in order to deliver
proximal tubule a relativley constant amount of material to the loop of henle
and distal tubule/ collecting ducts for find adjustment
22. pathway afferent arteriole -> glomerulus -> proximal tubule -> loop ->
DCT/ Collecting ducts
23. note: proximal tubule ab- it is isotonic reabsorption.
sorbs 2/3 of NaCl and 2/3 H20!
IMPORTANT
24. note: the [Na] remails con- ...
stant in the start and end of
the proximal tubule, but the
volume is being reabsorbed!
Thus you are reabsorbing a
ton of salt in this structure
25. what guides preferential re- Apical Na/H exchanger and basolateral NaK ATPase and NaH-
absorption of NaHCO3? CO3 tranpsorters mediate this. Remember that good ol Car-
bonic anydrase helps out by converting CO2 and H20 into
Bicarbonate!
26.
