Renal Physiology
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1. What are the kid- maintaining homeostasis by controlling the composition of blood and body fluids.
neys responsible
for?
2. Main functions of Removal of waste products
the kidney Regulation of extra cellular fluid volume
Regulation of osmolarity
Regulation of ion valence
Regulation of blood ph
Hormone production
3. What does the * Urea (from protein metabolism)
kidneys remove * Creatinine (from muscle metabolism)
* Drugs and toxins
4. How dies the kid- Controls:
neys regulate ex-
tra cellular fluid * Blood volume
volume * Blood pressure
By adjusting how much water is excreted.
5. How does the Maintains the correct concentration of water and dissolved particles in body fluids.
kidneys regulate
extra regulate os-
molarity
6. How does the Controls blood levels of:
kidneys regulate
ion balance * Sodium (Na⁺)
* Potassium (K⁺)
* Calcium (Ca²⁺)
* Chloride (Cl⁻)
, Renal Physiology
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7. How does the Maintains acid-base balance by controlling:
kidneys regulate
blood ph * Hydrogen ions (H⁺)
* Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻
8. What horemones The kidneys produce:
does the kidneys
produce Renin
* Helps regulate blood pressure through the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Sys-
tem (RAAS).
Erythropoietin (EPO)
* Stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
Calcitriol
* Active form of vitamin D.
* Increases calcium absorption from the intestine.
9. Structures of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
urinary tract
10. function of uri- * Kidneys produce urine.
nary tract * Ureters transport urine.
* Bladder stores urine.
* Urethra removes urine from the body.
11. When does urine Water and dissolved substances leave the blood and enter the nephron.
travel through
production The urine then travels:
Nephron
, Renal Physiology
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Collecting ducts
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra
Outside the body.
12. What is the functional unit of the kidney
nephron
13. How many about 1 million
nephrons are in
each kidney?
14. types of Cortical nephrons (85%) and juxtamedullary nephrons (15%).
nephrons in the
kidney
15. What are cortical -Located mainly in the cortex
nephrons? -short loops of Henle
16. What are -Long nephron loops extending into the medulla
juxtamedullary -Important in production of concentrated urine
nephrons?
17. glomerulus, bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal
convoluted tubule, collecting duct
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_js09zu
1. What are the kid- maintaining homeostasis by controlling the composition of blood and body fluids.
neys responsible
for?
2. Main functions of Removal of waste products
the kidney Regulation of extra cellular fluid volume
Regulation of osmolarity
Regulation of ion valence
Regulation of blood ph
Hormone production
3. What does the * Urea (from protein metabolism)
kidneys remove * Creatinine (from muscle metabolism)
* Drugs and toxins
4. How dies the kid- Controls:
neys regulate ex-
tra cellular fluid * Blood volume
volume * Blood pressure
By adjusting how much water is excreted.
5. How does the Maintains the correct concentration of water and dissolved particles in body fluids.
kidneys regulate
extra regulate os-
molarity
6. How does the Controls blood levels of:
kidneys regulate
ion balance * Sodium (Na⁺)
* Potassium (K⁺)
* Calcium (Ca²⁺)
* Chloride (Cl⁻)
, Renal Physiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_js09zu
7. How does the Maintains acid-base balance by controlling:
kidneys regulate
blood ph * Hydrogen ions (H⁺)
* Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻
8. What horemones The kidneys produce:
does the kidneys
produce Renin
* Helps regulate blood pressure through the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Sys-
tem (RAAS).
Erythropoietin (EPO)
* Stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
Calcitriol
* Active form of vitamin D.
* Increases calcium absorption from the intestine.
9. Structures of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
urinary tract
10. function of uri- * Kidneys produce urine.
nary tract * Ureters transport urine.
* Bladder stores urine.
* Urethra removes urine from the body.
11. When does urine Water and dissolved substances leave the blood and enter the nephron.
travel through
production The urine then travels:
Nephron
, Renal Physiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_js09zu
Collecting ducts
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra
Outside the body.
12. What is the functional unit of the kidney
nephron
13. How many about 1 million
nephrons are in
each kidney?
14. types of Cortical nephrons (85%) and juxtamedullary nephrons (15%).
nephrons in the
kidney
15. What are cortical -Located mainly in the cortex
nephrons? -short loops of Henle
16. What are -Long nephron loops extending into the medulla
juxtamedullary -Important in production of concentrated urine
nephrons?
17. glomerulus, bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal
convoluted tubule, collecting duct
