Comprehensive Notes Analysis: Recognizing Patterns in Student Notes
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jqlxvl
1. What is concen- The difference in the concentration of a substance across a space.
tration gradient?
2. What is active The movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower
transport? concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy.
3. What is passive The movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the use of energy,
transport? typically along a concentration gradient.
4. What is facilitated The process of passive transport of molecules across a biological membrane via
diffusion? specific transmembrane integral proteins.
5. What is equilibri- A state in which the concentrations of a substance are balanced and there is no
um? net movement of particles.
6. What is a solute? A substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution.
7. What is a solvent? A substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution.
8. What is a solution? A homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.
9. What is tonicity? The ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water.
10. What is isotonic A solution that has the same concentration of solutes as another solution, result-
solution? ing in no net movement of water.
11. What is hyperton- A solution that has a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solu-
ic solution? tion, causing cells to lose water.
12. What is hypotonic A solution that has a lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution,
solution? causing cells to gain water.
13. What is endocyto- The process by which cells internalize substances from their external environment.
sis?
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, Comprehensive Notes Analysis: Recognizing Patterns in Student Notes
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jqlxvl
14. What is exocyto- The process by which cells expel materials to the outside environment.
sis?
15. What is mem- The voltage difference across a cell membrane due to the distribution of ions.
brane potential?
16. What is depolar- A decrease in the membrane potential, making the inside of the cell less negative
ization? compared to the outside.
17. What is repolar- The process of restoring the membrane potential to its resting state after depo-
ization? larization.
18. What is action po- A rapid rise and fall in voltage or membrane potential across a cellular membrane.
tential?
19. What is a neuro- A chemical messenger that transmits signals across a synapse from one neuron
transmitter? to another.
20. What is synaptic The process by which signaling molecules are released by a neuron and bind to
transmission? receptors on another neuron.
21. What is receptor? A protein molecule that receives and responds to a neurotransmitter or hormone.
22. What is signal The process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell
transduction? as a series of molecular events.
23. What is home- The ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions despite changes
ostasis? in the external environment.
24. What is feedback A process that uses the conditions of one component to regulate the function of
mechanism? another component.
25. What is negative A control mechanism that counteracts a change in a physiological variable, main-
feedback? taining homeostasis.
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Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jqlxvl
1. What is concen- The difference in the concentration of a substance across a space.
tration gradient?
2. What is active The movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower
transport? concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy.
3. What is passive The movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the use of energy,
transport? typically along a concentration gradient.
4. What is facilitated The process of passive transport of molecules across a biological membrane via
diffusion? specific transmembrane integral proteins.
5. What is equilibri- A state in which the concentrations of a substance are balanced and there is no
um? net movement of particles.
6. What is a solute? A substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution.
7. What is a solvent? A substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution.
8. What is a solution? A homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.
9. What is tonicity? The ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water.
10. What is isotonic A solution that has the same concentration of solutes as another solution, result-
solution? ing in no net movement of water.
11. What is hyperton- A solution that has a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solu-
ic solution? tion, causing cells to lose water.
12. What is hypotonic A solution that has a lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution,
solution? causing cells to gain water.
13. What is endocyto- The process by which cells internalize substances from their external environment.
sis?
1/6
, Comprehensive Notes Analysis: Recognizing Patterns in Student Notes
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jqlxvl
14. What is exocyto- The process by which cells expel materials to the outside environment.
sis?
15. What is mem- The voltage difference across a cell membrane due to the distribution of ions.
brane potential?
16. What is depolar- A decrease in the membrane potential, making the inside of the cell less negative
ization? compared to the outside.
17. What is repolar- The process of restoring the membrane potential to its resting state after depo-
ization? larization.
18. What is action po- A rapid rise and fall in voltage or membrane potential across a cellular membrane.
tential?
19. What is a neuro- A chemical messenger that transmits signals across a synapse from one neuron
transmitter? to another.
20. What is synaptic The process by which signaling molecules are released by a neuron and bind to
transmission? receptors on another neuron.
21. What is receptor? A protein molecule that receives and responds to a neurotransmitter or hormone.
22. What is signal The process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell
transduction? as a series of molecular events.
23. What is home- The ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions despite changes
ostasis? in the external environment.
24. What is feedback A process that uses the conditions of one component to regulate the function of
mechanism? another component.
25. What is negative A control mechanism that counteracts a change in a physiological variable, main-
feedback? taining homeostasis.
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