AETNA COMPREHENSIVE EXAM PREP
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
STUDY RESOURCE
●● ** Why has the process been slow moving financing towards a
preventative mindset?
Answer: Progress has been slow due to insurance system, cultural
values, and medical practice that emphasize disease rather than health.
The common definitions of health, as well as measures for evaluating
health status reflect similar inclinations.
●● Why has health remained predominately private?
Answer: Beliefs and values ingrained in the American culture have been
influential in laying the foundations of a system that has remained
predominately private, as opposed to a tax-financed national health care
program.
●● Describe the shift to a social justice mindset?
Answer: Societal values have slowly shifted toward a social justice
mind-set, and the expectations of many Americans suggest that a gradual
departure from traditional American values of self-reliance may be
giving way to greater dependence on the government. Passage of the
ACA shows this shift.
,●● ** Describe the medical model, or the biomedical model:
Answer: In the US, the concepts of health and health care have largely
been governed by the medical model. Under the medical model, health is
defined as the absence of illness or disease. It emphasizes clinical
diagnosis and medical intervention to treat disease or its symptoms. The
implication is that optimal health exists exists when a person is free of
symptoms and does not require medical treatment. Treatment and
diagnosis, not promotion.
●● (...)
Answer: (...)
●● ** What does the term health care delivery describe?
Answer: When the term health care delivery is used in the biomedical
model, it actually refers to the delivery of medical care or illness care.
●● What is prevention and promotion considered in the biomedical
model?
Answer: In the biomedical model, prevention and promotion are
relegated to a secondary status; a measure that is often used to indicate
lack of health in a population
●● How do medical sociologists define health?
Answer: Medical sociologists have gone a step further by defining
health as the state of optimal capacity of an individual to perform his or
, her expected social roles and tasks. A person who is unable to perform
social roles is considered sick even though many people continue to
engage in their social obligations.
●● How does the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine define
health?
Answer: SAEM defines health as a state of physical and mental well-
being that facilitates the achievement of individual and societal goals.
This puts an emphasis on both the physical and mental dimensions.
●● ** How does the World Health Organization definition of health?
Answer: WHO defines health as a complete state of physical, mental,
and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
This definition includes physical, mental, and social dimensions.
Biopsychosocial model.
●● What did Dr. O point out as wrong about WHO's definition of
health?
Answer: Are you ever in a complete state of health? Health is like your
there, wellness is an ongoing process. Health is multidimensional and
should be more than two. Traditional health is less one to two.
●● ** How does WHO define the health care system?
Answer: WHO defines the health care system as all of the activities
aimed at promoting, restoring, or maintaining health. Health care should
be much more than just medical care.
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
STUDY RESOURCE
●● ** Why has the process been slow moving financing towards a
preventative mindset?
Answer: Progress has been slow due to insurance system, cultural
values, and medical practice that emphasize disease rather than health.
The common definitions of health, as well as measures for evaluating
health status reflect similar inclinations.
●● Why has health remained predominately private?
Answer: Beliefs and values ingrained in the American culture have been
influential in laying the foundations of a system that has remained
predominately private, as opposed to a tax-financed national health care
program.
●● Describe the shift to a social justice mindset?
Answer: Societal values have slowly shifted toward a social justice
mind-set, and the expectations of many Americans suggest that a gradual
departure from traditional American values of self-reliance may be
giving way to greater dependence on the government. Passage of the
ACA shows this shift.
,●● ** Describe the medical model, or the biomedical model:
Answer: In the US, the concepts of health and health care have largely
been governed by the medical model. Under the medical model, health is
defined as the absence of illness or disease. It emphasizes clinical
diagnosis and medical intervention to treat disease or its symptoms. The
implication is that optimal health exists exists when a person is free of
symptoms and does not require medical treatment. Treatment and
diagnosis, not promotion.
●● (...)
Answer: (...)
●● ** What does the term health care delivery describe?
Answer: When the term health care delivery is used in the biomedical
model, it actually refers to the delivery of medical care or illness care.
●● What is prevention and promotion considered in the biomedical
model?
Answer: In the biomedical model, prevention and promotion are
relegated to a secondary status; a measure that is often used to indicate
lack of health in a population
●● How do medical sociologists define health?
Answer: Medical sociologists have gone a step further by defining
health as the state of optimal capacity of an individual to perform his or
, her expected social roles and tasks. A person who is unable to perform
social roles is considered sick even though many people continue to
engage in their social obligations.
●● How does the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine define
health?
Answer: SAEM defines health as a state of physical and mental well-
being that facilitates the achievement of individual and societal goals.
This puts an emphasis on both the physical and mental dimensions.
●● ** How does the World Health Organization definition of health?
Answer: WHO defines health as a complete state of physical, mental,
and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
This definition includes physical, mental, and social dimensions.
Biopsychosocial model.
●● What did Dr. O point out as wrong about WHO's definition of
health?
Answer: Are you ever in a complete state of health? Health is like your
there, wellness is an ongoing process. Health is multidimensional and
should be more than two. Traditional health is less one to two.
●● ** How does WHO define the health care system?
Answer: WHO defines the health care system as all of the activities
aimed at promoting, restoring, or maintaining health. Health care should
be much more than just medical care.
