MAIN FUNCTIONS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- Air conduction
- Air filtration
- Gas exchange (respiration)
PHARYNX & STRUCTURES
- 3 parts: Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx
- Epiglottis: covers trachea when swallowing
- Glottis: opening between vocal cords
PALATE STRUCTURES
- Hard palate: bony, front
- Soft palate: muscular, lifts to block nasal cavity during swallowing
SWALLOWING STEPS (PREVENT ASPIRATION)
- Epiglottis closes over trachea
- Soft palate elevates to close nasopharynx
- Larynx lifts and vocal cords close
TRACHEA & BRONCHIAL TREE
- Trachea: held open by C-shaped cartilage rings
- Primary → Secondary → Tertiary Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli
LUNG LOBES
- Right Lung: 3 lobes (Superior, Middle, Inferior)
- Left Lung: 2 lobes (Superior, Inferior)
PLEURA FUNCTIONS
- Reduces friction
- Maintains negative pressure for lung inflation
HISTOLOGY & CELLS
- Major epithelium: Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
- Goblet cells: secrete mucus
- Basement membrane = 'floor' of epithelium
- Columnar cells = taller than wide
- Stratified squamous: in vestibule, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
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