A&P II Final Exam: – Higher Education
Biological Sciences Curriculum – 2026/2027
Academic Year – Verified Questions and
Answers for University-Level Anatomy and
Physiology Students
Question 1
The body is attempting to maintain temperature homeostasis. This is an example
of which core concept?
A) Structure & Function
B) Pathways & Transformation of Energy & Matter
C) Systems
D) Information Flow, Exchange & Storage
Correct Answer: B) Pathways & Transformation of Energy & Matter
Rationale: Temperature homeostasis involves the generation and dissipation of heat
energy through metabolic pathways and physiological processes. The body converts
chemical energy from food into thermal energy to maintain a stable internal
temperature, demonstrating the transformation of energy and matter .
Question 2
,A neuron has an axon that allows it to send signals over a long distance. This is an
example of which core concept?
A) Evolution
B) Systems
C) Structure & Function
D) Information Flow, Exchange & Storage
Correct Answer: C) Structure & Function
Rationale: The structure of a neuron—specifically its long axon—directly relates to its
function of transmitting signals over long distances. This exemplifies the core principle
that anatomy (structure) is designed to support physiology (function) .
Question 3
Humans at the equator have developed darker skin to protect them from the
damaging effects of sunlight. This is an example of which core concept?
A) Systems
B) Structure & Function
C) Evolution
D) Information Flow, Exchange & Storage
Correct Answer: C) Evolution
Rationale: The development of darker skin pigmentation in populations near the
equator is an evolutionary adaptation that provides protection against UV radiation. This
represents natural selection acting on a population over generations .
,Question 4
The cardiovascular system and the respiratory system work together to deliver
oxygen to the tissues of the body. This is an example of which core concept?
A) Evolution
B) Structure & Function
C) Pathways & Transformation of Energy & Matter
D) Systems
Correct Answer: D) Systems
Rationale: Multiple organ systems collaborating to achieve a common goal—oxygen
delivery to tissues—demonstrates the "systems" core concept. The cardiovascular and
respiratory systems are interdependent and must function together for homeostasis .
Question 5
During transcription, mRNA is made from DNA. Then during translation, protein is
made from mRNA. This is an example of which core concept?
A) Systems
B) Evolution
C) Pathways & Transformation of Energy & Matter
D) Information Flow, Exchange & Storage
Correct Answer: D) Information Flow, Exchange & Storage
Rationale: The process of transcription and translation represents the flow of genetic
information from DNA to RNA to protein. This is the central dogma of molecular biology
and exemplifies how information is stored, exchanged, and used within cells .
, Question 6
How are the nervous system and endocrine system similar?
A) Both systems use neurotransmitters exclusively
B) Cells of both systems release chemicals to communicate with cells
C) Both systems act only on target cells in the brain
D) Both systems use only electrical signals for communication
Correct Answer: B) Cells of both systems release chemicals to communicate with
cells
Rationale: Both the nervous system (through neurotransmitters) and endocrine system
(through hormones) rely on chemical signaling to communicate with target cells. This is
a fundamental similarity between these two regulatory systems .
Question 7
What is a major function of the endocrine system?
A) The endocrine system releases neurotransmitters into synaptic clefts
B) The endocrine system releases hormones into the bloodstream to reach receptors on
target cells
C) The endocrine system filters waste products from the blood
D) The endocrine system provides structural support for organs
Correct Answer: B) The endocrine system releases hormones into the bloodstream
to reach receptors on target cells
Biological Sciences Curriculum – 2026/2027
Academic Year – Verified Questions and
Answers for University-Level Anatomy and
Physiology Students
Question 1
The body is attempting to maintain temperature homeostasis. This is an example
of which core concept?
A) Structure & Function
B) Pathways & Transformation of Energy & Matter
C) Systems
D) Information Flow, Exchange & Storage
Correct Answer: B) Pathways & Transformation of Energy & Matter
Rationale: Temperature homeostasis involves the generation and dissipation of heat
energy through metabolic pathways and physiological processes. The body converts
chemical energy from food into thermal energy to maintain a stable internal
temperature, demonstrating the transformation of energy and matter .
Question 2
,A neuron has an axon that allows it to send signals over a long distance. This is an
example of which core concept?
A) Evolution
B) Systems
C) Structure & Function
D) Information Flow, Exchange & Storage
Correct Answer: C) Structure & Function
Rationale: The structure of a neuron—specifically its long axon—directly relates to its
function of transmitting signals over long distances. This exemplifies the core principle
that anatomy (structure) is designed to support physiology (function) .
Question 3
Humans at the equator have developed darker skin to protect them from the
damaging effects of sunlight. This is an example of which core concept?
A) Systems
B) Structure & Function
C) Evolution
D) Information Flow, Exchange & Storage
Correct Answer: C) Evolution
Rationale: The development of darker skin pigmentation in populations near the
equator is an evolutionary adaptation that provides protection against UV radiation. This
represents natural selection acting on a population over generations .
,Question 4
The cardiovascular system and the respiratory system work together to deliver
oxygen to the tissues of the body. This is an example of which core concept?
A) Evolution
B) Structure & Function
C) Pathways & Transformation of Energy & Matter
D) Systems
Correct Answer: D) Systems
Rationale: Multiple organ systems collaborating to achieve a common goal—oxygen
delivery to tissues—demonstrates the "systems" core concept. The cardiovascular and
respiratory systems are interdependent and must function together for homeostasis .
Question 5
During transcription, mRNA is made from DNA. Then during translation, protein is
made from mRNA. This is an example of which core concept?
A) Systems
B) Evolution
C) Pathways & Transformation of Energy & Matter
D) Information Flow, Exchange & Storage
Correct Answer: D) Information Flow, Exchange & Storage
Rationale: The process of transcription and translation represents the flow of genetic
information from DNA to RNA to protein. This is the central dogma of molecular biology
and exemplifies how information is stored, exchanged, and used within cells .
, Question 6
How are the nervous system and endocrine system similar?
A) Both systems use neurotransmitters exclusively
B) Cells of both systems release chemicals to communicate with cells
C) Both systems act only on target cells in the brain
D) Both systems use only electrical signals for communication
Correct Answer: B) Cells of both systems release chemicals to communicate with
cells
Rationale: Both the nervous system (through neurotransmitters) and endocrine system
(through hormones) rely on chemical signaling to communicate with target cells. This is
a fundamental similarity between these two regulatory systems .
Question 7
What is a major function of the endocrine system?
A) The endocrine system releases neurotransmitters into synaptic clefts
B) The endocrine system releases hormones into the bloodstream to reach receptors on
target cells
C) The endocrine system filters waste products from the blood
D) The endocrine system provides structural support for organs
Correct Answer: B) The endocrine system releases hormones into the bloodstream
to reach receptors on target cells
