BIO209 - MIDTERM 1 EXAM QUESTIONS COMPLETE
WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
\.3 classes of hormones - ANSWERS-amino acid derivatives, peptide
hormones, lipid derivatives
\.amino acid derivatives - ANSWERS-thyroid hormones, catecholamines,
tryptophan derivatives
\.Lipid derivatives - ANSWERS-eicosanoids and steroid hormones
\.Where are hormone receptors located? - ANSWERS-in the cell
membrane or inside the cell
\.Receptors in plasma membrane - ANSWERS--Acts as first messenger,
relayinh message to an intracellular intermediary
-Second messenger that affects enzyme acticity and changes cellular
metabolic reactions, exerting hormones effect in the cell
-Generally involves a G protein
-Hormones that are not lipid soluble are unable to cross the cell
membrane and therefore interact with receptors in the cell membrane
,\.Two common G proteins - ANSWERS-Ca and cAMP
\.Receptor in cytoplasm or nucelus (Steroid hormones) - ANSWERS--
Lipid soluble hormones diffuse through plasma membrane
-Alter activity of specific genes
-Affect DNA transcritpion ratem changing pattern of protein synthesis
-Change synthesis of enzyme and structural proteins affecting cells
metabolic activity and structure
\.Receptor in cytoplasm or nucelus (Thyroid hormones) - ANSWERS--
Transported across cell membrane by carrier-mediated processes
-Bind to receptors on mitocondria (Increases rate of ATP production)
-Bind to receptors in nucelus (Affects cell metabolic activity and
structure)
\.How are hormones inactivated - ANSWERS--Diffusion out of the
bloodstream to receptors on target cells
-Absorbed or broken down by cells of the liver or kidneys
-Broken down by enzymes in the plasma or interstitial fluid
\.How many peptide hormones are released by the pituitary gland -
ANSWERS--7 by anterior lobe
,-2 by posterior lobe
\.7 anterior hormones - ANSWERS--Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
-Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
-Gonadotropins
-Growth hormone (GH)
-Prolactin (PRL)
-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
\.Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) - ANSWERS-TSH targets the
thyroid gland, where it triggers the release of thyroid hormones.
\.Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - ANSWERS-Stimulates the
release of steroid hormones by the adrenal cortex.
\.Gonadotropins - ANSWERS--Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and
lutenizing hormone (LH)
-FSH: Promotes ovarian follicle in females and, in combination with
luteinizing hormone stimulates the secretion of estrogen.
-LH: Induces ovulation the release of reproductive cells in females.
, \.Growth hormone (GH) - ANSWERS-Stimulates cell growth and
reproduction by accelerating the rate of protein synthesis. Skeletal
muscle cells and chondrocytes are particularly sensitive to GH
\.Prolactin (PRL) - ANSWERS-Works with other hormones to stimulate
mammary gland development. Also stimulates milk production after
pregnancy
\.Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) - ANSWERS-Stimulates the
melanocytes of the skin to increase their production of melanin
\.2 posterior hormones - ANSWERS-Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and
oxytocin
\.Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - ANSWERS--Released in a response to
increase in the solute concentration in the blood or a decrease in blood
volume or blood pressure
-Primary function of ADH is to act on the kidneys to retain water and
decrease urination
-In high concentrations, ADH also causes vasoconstriction
-Alcohol inhibits ADH release
\.Oxytocin (OXT) - ANSWERS--In women, OXT stimulates smooth muscle
contraction in the wall of the uterus, promoting labor and delivery
WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
\.3 classes of hormones - ANSWERS-amino acid derivatives, peptide
hormones, lipid derivatives
\.amino acid derivatives - ANSWERS-thyroid hormones, catecholamines,
tryptophan derivatives
\.Lipid derivatives - ANSWERS-eicosanoids and steroid hormones
\.Where are hormone receptors located? - ANSWERS-in the cell
membrane or inside the cell
\.Receptors in plasma membrane - ANSWERS--Acts as first messenger,
relayinh message to an intracellular intermediary
-Second messenger that affects enzyme acticity and changes cellular
metabolic reactions, exerting hormones effect in the cell
-Generally involves a G protein
-Hormones that are not lipid soluble are unable to cross the cell
membrane and therefore interact with receptors in the cell membrane
,\.Two common G proteins - ANSWERS-Ca and cAMP
\.Receptor in cytoplasm or nucelus (Steroid hormones) - ANSWERS--
Lipid soluble hormones diffuse through plasma membrane
-Alter activity of specific genes
-Affect DNA transcritpion ratem changing pattern of protein synthesis
-Change synthesis of enzyme and structural proteins affecting cells
metabolic activity and structure
\.Receptor in cytoplasm or nucelus (Thyroid hormones) - ANSWERS--
Transported across cell membrane by carrier-mediated processes
-Bind to receptors on mitocondria (Increases rate of ATP production)
-Bind to receptors in nucelus (Affects cell metabolic activity and
structure)
\.How are hormones inactivated - ANSWERS--Diffusion out of the
bloodstream to receptors on target cells
-Absorbed or broken down by cells of the liver or kidneys
-Broken down by enzymes in the plasma or interstitial fluid
\.How many peptide hormones are released by the pituitary gland -
ANSWERS--7 by anterior lobe
,-2 by posterior lobe
\.7 anterior hormones - ANSWERS--Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
-Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
-Gonadotropins
-Growth hormone (GH)
-Prolactin (PRL)
-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
\.Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) - ANSWERS-TSH targets the
thyroid gland, where it triggers the release of thyroid hormones.
\.Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - ANSWERS-Stimulates the
release of steroid hormones by the adrenal cortex.
\.Gonadotropins - ANSWERS--Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and
lutenizing hormone (LH)
-FSH: Promotes ovarian follicle in females and, in combination with
luteinizing hormone stimulates the secretion of estrogen.
-LH: Induces ovulation the release of reproductive cells in females.
, \.Growth hormone (GH) - ANSWERS-Stimulates cell growth and
reproduction by accelerating the rate of protein synthesis. Skeletal
muscle cells and chondrocytes are particularly sensitive to GH
\.Prolactin (PRL) - ANSWERS-Works with other hormones to stimulate
mammary gland development. Also stimulates milk production after
pregnancy
\.Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) - ANSWERS-Stimulates the
melanocytes of the skin to increase their production of melanin
\.2 posterior hormones - ANSWERS-Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and
oxytocin
\.Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - ANSWERS--Released in a response to
increase in the solute concentration in the blood or a decrease in blood
volume or blood pressure
-Primary function of ADH is to act on the kidneys to retain water and
decrease urination
-In high concentrations, ADH also causes vasoconstriction
-Alcohol inhibits ADH release
\.Oxytocin (OXT) - ANSWERS--In women, OXT stimulates smooth muscle
contraction in the wall of the uterus, promoting labor and delivery
