A&P 1 Lab Final
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1. Lab 1 Human Body Exercise 1 & 2
Overview
2. Know and under- Superior/Inferior- above/below
stand Body Orienta- Anterior/posterior- front/back
tion and Directions. Medial/Lateral- Toward the midline/away from the midline
Be able to under- Cephalad/Caudal- toward the head/toward the tail
stand them in prac- Ventral/Dorsal- belly side/backside
tical use. Proximal/Distal- near the trunk or attached end/farther from the trunk or
attached end
Superficial/deep- toward the body surface/more internal
3. Know and under- Median (midsagittal) plane- divides the body into R/L portions
stand Body Planes Frontal (coronal) plane- divides the body into posterior and anterior aspects.
and Directions and Transverse Plane- divides the body into superior and inferior portions.
understand the
terms in practical
use.
4. Be able to identify Thoracic cavity- Heart, lungs,
in which body cavi- Pelvic Cavity- kidneys, ovaries,
ty a major organ or Dorsal cavity includes the cranial cavity (which contains the brain) and the
body part would be vertebral cavity which contains the spinal cord.
found. Abdominal Cavity- stomach, intestines
5. Know what muscle The Diaphragm
separates the tho-
racic from the ab-
dominal cavity.
6. On a dissected rat Lungs- behind the heart
be able to identi- Liver- large and black
fy: lungs, heart, liv- Stomach- tucked behind the liver
, A&P 1 Lab Final
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er, stomach, spleen, Spleen- inferior to the stomach
large intestine, di- Large intestine- inferior to the spleen and shorter than the small intestine.
aphragm. Diaphragm- Inferior to the heart and lungs, superior to the liver.
7. Lab 2 Tissue & Skin Exercise 5 & 6
8. Characteristics and Functions: protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, and some-
function of epithe- times sensory reception.
lia. Characteristics include:
(Specialized contacts) cells fit closely together to form membranes or sheets,
bound together by special junctions.
(Polarity) membranes always have an apical (free) surface and deep basal
surface
(Supported by connective tissue) the cells are attached to and supported by
a basement membrane
(Avascular but Innervated) no blood supply, but receive nutrients from the
diffusion of underlying connective tissue.
(Regeneration) epithelial cells can normally easily regenerate themselves,
important for tissues that are subject to much trauma and abrasion.
9. Cell shapes and Squamous- flat, scale-like
organization. (ie: Cuboidal- cubelike
squamous, colum- Columnar- column-shaped
nar, etc. and simple Simple- one layer of cells attached to a basement membrane
vs stratified) Stratified- two or more layers of cells; only the deepest layer rests on the
basement membrane
Pseudostratified- its cells extend at varying distances from the basement
membrane so it gives them a false appearance of being stratified (often
ciliated)
10. Be able to identify simple squamous- appears stringlike (found in lungs).
under a microscope: simple cuboidal- appears to look like cuboidal globules (Kidneys, ovaries)
stratified squamous- connective tissue, basement membrane, stratified squa-
, A&P 1 Lab Final
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mous, multiple flat sheets of epithelia(forms most linings of the esophagus,
mouth, and vagina).
simple columnar- appears in distinct columns (lines most of the digestive
tract)
11. Where on the body Pseudostratified columnar- lines the trachea and most of the upper respira-
would you find tory tract
the following ep- Transitional epithelium- lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the
ithelia: pseudostrat- urethra.
ified columnar and
transitional epitheli-
um.
12. Characteristics and Protect, support, and bind together with other tissues of the body
function of connec-
tive tissue (CT).
13. Be able to identify areolar CT- irregular composition, contains elastic fibers and collagen fibers
under a microscope: (widely distributed under epithelia around the body)
reticular CT- irregular, thicker reticular fibers containing white blood cells
(spleen)
hyaline cartilage- firm matrix, contains chondrocytes in lacuna (costal carti-
lages of the ribs)
adipose tissue.- contains vacuoles (fat droplets). (found around eyeballs and
in the breasts)
14. What type of CT is dense irregular connective tissue
found deep to the
skin?
15. What type of CT Dense regular connective tissue
makes up the ten-
, A&P 1 Lab Final
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dons and some liga-
ments?
16. What CT connects hyaline cartilage
the ribs to the ster-
num?
17. What type of CT osseous tissue
makes up the bone?
18. What are the three skeletal, cardiac, smooth
types of muscle tis-
sue?
19. Be able to identi- Epidermis- most superficial layer of the skin; avascular, keratinized stratified
fy (epidermis & der- squamous epithelium.
mis): Dermis- connective tissue making up a bulk of the dermis; consists of the
Subcutaneous lay- papillary and reticular areas.
ers (from superficial Stratum corneum- outermost layer consisting of 20-30 layers of dead ker-
to deep): atinocytes.
Stratum lucidum- only present in thick skin such as palms or soles of the feet;
a thin, transparent band of dead keratinocytes.
Stratum granulosum- thin layer named for the abundance of granules in its
cells; cells begin to die
Stratum spinosum- several layers of cells, containing web-like bundles made
of pre-keratin protein.
Stratum Basale- a single row of cells immediately above the dermis; cells here
are constantly undergoing mitosis to form new cells.
20. tactile corpuscle vs. Tactile Corpuscle- responds to light or fine pressure
lamellar corpuscle. Lamellar Corpuscle- responds to deep pressure
21. Lab 3 Skeletal Exercises 7-10
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_an6rg2
1. Lab 1 Human Body Exercise 1 & 2
Overview
2. Know and under- Superior/Inferior- above/below
stand Body Orienta- Anterior/posterior- front/back
tion and Directions. Medial/Lateral- Toward the midline/away from the midline
Be able to under- Cephalad/Caudal- toward the head/toward the tail
stand them in prac- Ventral/Dorsal- belly side/backside
tical use. Proximal/Distal- near the trunk or attached end/farther from the trunk or
attached end
Superficial/deep- toward the body surface/more internal
3. Know and under- Median (midsagittal) plane- divides the body into R/L portions
stand Body Planes Frontal (coronal) plane- divides the body into posterior and anterior aspects.
and Directions and Transverse Plane- divides the body into superior and inferior portions.
understand the
terms in practical
use.
4. Be able to identify Thoracic cavity- Heart, lungs,
in which body cavi- Pelvic Cavity- kidneys, ovaries,
ty a major organ or Dorsal cavity includes the cranial cavity (which contains the brain) and the
body part would be vertebral cavity which contains the spinal cord.
found. Abdominal Cavity- stomach, intestines
5. Know what muscle The Diaphragm
separates the tho-
racic from the ab-
dominal cavity.
6. On a dissected rat Lungs- behind the heart
be able to identi- Liver- large and black
fy: lungs, heart, liv- Stomach- tucked behind the liver
, A&P 1 Lab Final
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_an6rg2
er, stomach, spleen, Spleen- inferior to the stomach
large intestine, di- Large intestine- inferior to the spleen and shorter than the small intestine.
aphragm. Diaphragm- Inferior to the heart and lungs, superior to the liver.
7. Lab 2 Tissue & Skin Exercise 5 & 6
8. Characteristics and Functions: protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, and some-
function of epithe- times sensory reception.
lia. Characteristics include:
(Specialized contacts) cells fit closely together to form membranes or sheets,
bound together by special junctions.
(Polarity) membranes always have an apical (free) surface and deep basal
surface
(Supported by connective tissue) the cells are attached to and supported by
a basement membrane
(Avascular but Innervated) no blood supply, but receive nutrients from the
diffusion of underlying connective tissue.
(Regeneration) epithelial cells can normally easily regenerate themselves,
important for tissues that are subject to much trauma and abrasion.
9. Cell shapes and Squamous- flat, scale-like
organization. (ie: Cuboidal- cubelike
squamous, colum- Columnar- column-shaped
nar, etc. and simple Simple- one layer of cells attached to a basement membrane
vs stratified) Stratified- two or more layers of cells; only the deepest layer rests on the
basement membrane
Pseudostratified- its cells extend at varying distances from the basement
membrane so it gives them a false appearance of being stratified (often
ciliated)
10. Be able to identify simple squamous- appears stringlike (found in lungs).
under a microscope: simple cuboidal- appears to look like cuboidal globules (Kidneys, ovaries)
stratified squamous- connective tissue, basement membrane, stratified squa-
, A&P 1 Lab Final
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_an6rg2
mous, multiple flat sheets of epithelia(forms most linings of the esophagus,
mouth, and vagina).
simple columnar- appears in distinct columns (lines most of the digestive
tract)
11. Where on the body Pseudostratified columnar- lines the trachea and most of the upper respira-
would you find tory tract
the following ep- Transitional epithelium- lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the
ithelia: pseudostrat- urethra.
ified columnar and
transitional epitheli-
um.
12. Characteristics and Protect, support, and bind together with other tissues of the body
function of connec-
tive tissue (CT).
13. Be able to identify areolar CT- irregular composition, contains elastic fibers and collagen fibers
under a microscope: (widely distributed under epithelia around the body)
reticular CT- irregular, thicker reticular fibers containing white blood cells
(spleen)
hyaline cartilage- firm matrix, contains chondrocytes in lacuna (costal carti-
lages of the ribs)
adipose tissue.- contains vacuoles (fat droplets). (found around eyeballs and
in the breasts)
14. What type of CT is dense irregular connective tissue
found deep to the
skin?
15. What type of CT Dense regular connective tissue
makes up the ten-
, A&P 1 Lab Final
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_an6rg2
dons and some liga-
ments?
16. What CT connects hyaline cartilage
the ribs to the ster-
num?
17. What type of CT osseous tissue
makes up the bone?
18. What are the three skeletal, cardiac, smooth
types of muscle tis-
sue?
19. Be able to identi- Epidermis- most superficial layer of the skin; avascular, keratinized stratified
fy (epidermis & der- squamous epithelium.
mis): Dermis- connective tissue making up a bulk of the dermis; consists of the
Subcutaneous lay- papillary and reticular areas.
ers (from superficial Stratum corneum- outermost layer consisting of 20-30 layers of dead ker-
to deep): atinocytes.
Stratum lucidum- only present in thick skin such as palms or soles of the feet;
a thin, transparent band of dead keratinocytes.
Stratum granulosum- thin layer named for the abundance of granules in its
cells; cells begin to die
Stratum spinosum- several layers of cells, containing web-like bundles made
of pre-keratin protein.
Stratum Basale- a single row of cells immediately above the dermis; cells here
are constantly undergoing mitosis to form new cells.
20. tactile corpuscle vs. Tactile Corpuscle- responds to light or fine pressure
lamellar corpuscle. Lamellar Corpuscle- responds to deep pressure
21. Lab 3 Skeletal Exercises 7-10
