1|Page
BIO 322 PATHO FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2026/2027 ACTUAL
EXAM COMPLETE 100 VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||LATEST || SURE PASS!!!
A stretch of genome is known to have a constant mutation rate
of 10X^-6 per generation within a group of species. Two
different species within this group are shown to have 16
differences in that stretch of genome. How long have their
lineages been separated?
A. 16 generations
B. 8 million generations
C. 16 million generations
D. 32 million generations - ANSWER-B
Phenotypic differences that are not based on DNA sequence
differences (for example, DNA methylation) can be passed from
parent to offspring. This phenomenon is called...
A. Epigenetic inheritance
B. Genotype X environment interaction
C. Norm of reaction
D. Maternal effects - ANSWER-A
,2|Page
When we say that mutation is random, we mean that
A. All conceivable mutations are equally likely to occur
B. Environmental factors cannot affect mutation rates
C. We cannot predict which gene copy will undergo a mutation,
and environments do not induce adaptive mutations
D. All loci are equally mutable. - ANSWER-C
Which compound is not a component of DNA?
A. Uracil
B. Guanine
C. Thymine
D. Adenine - ANSWER-A
Which statement about natural selection is true?
A. It always results in reduced genetic variation
B. It acts directly on genotypes
,3|Page
C. It is the same as evolution
D. It can have an evolutionary effect only if phenotypic
differences are heritable - ANSWER-D
Which of the following is the definition of fitness, according to
evolutionary biology?
A. The viability of a genotype
B. The fecundity of a genotype
C. The average, lifetime contribution of individuals with a
particular genotype to a population
D. The condition of being physically fit and healthy - ANSWER-C
A change in which variable would not necessarily change an
organism's fitness?
A. Mating success
B. Fecundity
C. Viability
D. Mutation rate - ANSWER-D
, 4|Page
*****
The colors of individuals in a snail population are determined by
a single autosomal locus. A1A1 homozygotes are red, A1A2
heterozygotes are pink, A2A2 homozygotes are white.
Genotypic fitnesses are a follows: wA1A1 = 0.5; wA1A2 = 1.0;
wA2A2 = 0.75. At equilibrium...
A. Both alleles are equally frequent
B. The population is fixed for allele A2.
C. The population contains only A1A2 heterozygotes
D. Both alleles are mainland in the population, and allele A2 is
more than allele A1. - ANSWER-A
*****
In a scenario where a population is evolving only in response to
natural selection, allele frequencies will change at a rate
proportional to the selection coefficient and the ..
A. Population's growth rate
B. Degree of the allele's penetrance
BIO 322 PATHO FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2026/2027 ACTUAL
EXAM COMPLETE 100 VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||LATEST || SURE PASS!!!
A stretch of genome is known to have a constant mutation rate
of 10X^-6 per generation within a group of species. Two
different species within this group are shown to have 16
differences in that stretch of genome. How long have their
lineages been separated?
A. 16 generations
B. 8 million generations
C. 16 million generations
D. 32 million generations - ANSWER-B
Phenotypic differences that are not based on DNA sequence
differences (for example, DNA methylation) can be passed from
parent to offspring. This phenomenon is called...
A. Epigenetic inheritance
B. Genotype X environment interaction
C. Norm of reaction
D. Maternal effects - ANSWER-A
,2|Page
When we say that mutation is random, we mean that
A. All conceivable mutations are equally likely to occur
B. Environmental factors cannot affect mutation rates
C. We cannot predict which gene copy will undergo a mutation,
and environments do not induce adaptive mutations
D. All loci are equally mutable. - ANSWER-C
Which compound is not a component of DNA?
A. Uracil
B. Guanine
C. Thymine
D. Adenine - ANSWER-A
Which statement about natural selection is true?
A. It always results in reduced genetic variation
B. It acts directly on genotypes
,3|Page
C. It is the same as evolution
D. It can have an evolutionary effect only if phenotypic
differences are heritable - ANSWER-D
Which of the following is the definition of fitness, according to
evolutionary biology?
A. The viability of a genotype
B. The fecundity of a genotype
C. The average, lifetime contribution of individuals with a
particular genotype to a population
D. The condition of being physically fit and healthy - ANSWER-C
A change in which variable would not necessarily change an
organism's fitness?
A. Mating success
B. Fecundity
C. Viability
D. Mutation rate - ANSWER-D
, 4|Page
*****
The colors of individuals in a snail population are determined by
a single autosomal locus. A1A1 homozygotes are red, A1A2
heterozygotes are pink, A2A2 homozygotes are white.
Genotypic fitnesses are a follows: wA1A1 = 0.5; wA1A2 = 1.0;
wA2A2 = 0.75. At equilibrium...
A. Both alleles are equally frequent
B. The population is fixed for allele A2.
C. The population contains only A1A2 heterozygotes
D. Both alleles are mainland in the population, and allele A2 is
more than allele A1. - ANSWER-A
*****
In a scenario where a population is evolving only in response to
natural selection, allele frequencies will change at a rate
proportional to the selection coefficient and the ..
A. Population's growth rate
B. Degree of the allele's penetrance
